{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T01:36:05Z","timestamp":1793064965763,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,8]],"date-time":"2010-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1268006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health, NIDCD","award":["R01 DC006101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DC006101"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health, NIDCD","award":["R01 DC005788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DC005788"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to examine the functional biomechanical properties of several injectable biomaterials currently or potentially used for vocal fold augmentation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rheometric investigation of phonosurgical materials in vitro.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Linear viscoelastic shear properties of 3% bovine collagen (atelocollagen), micronized AlloDerm (Cymetra; LifeCell Corp., Branchburg, NJ), calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) (Radiesse; BioForm Medical, San Mateo, CA), and 2.4% cross\u2010linked hyaluronic acid (HA) gel (Juv\u00e9derm; Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA) were quantified as functions of frequency covering the phonatory range, and compared to those of the human vocal fold cover. Measurements of elastic shear modulus (<jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>\u2032) and dynamic viscosity (\u03b7\u2032) were made at up to 250 Hz with a controlled\u2010strain simple\u2010shear rheometer. Linear least\u2010squares regression was conducted to curve\u2010fit log <jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>\u2032 and log \u03b7\u2032 versus log frequency, and statistical analysis was performed with one\u2010way analysis of variance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Radiesse and Cymetra were found to be the stiffest and the most viscous materials, followed by Juv\u00e9derm and atelocollagen. There were significant differences in the magnitudes of <jats:italic>G\u2032<\/jats:italic> and \u03b7\u2032 among the phonosurgical materials and the normal human vocal fold cover (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001), whereas there was no significant difference in the frequency dependence of <jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>\u2032 and \u03b7\u2032 among the materials. Post hoc Tukey tests revealed significant differences (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05) in pairwise comparisons of the magnitudes of <jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>\u2032 and \u03b7\u2032 among all materials and the vocal fold cover.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggested that although these biomaterials may be injected lateral to the lamina propria for the treatment of glottic insufficiency, none of them are rheologically optimal for the functional reconstruction of the vocal fold lamina propria. 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