{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T15:56:09Z","timestamp":1760975769268},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,25]],"date-time":"2011-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1311552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Assess whether changes in Epstein\u2010Barr virus (EBV) serology status relates to immunohistochemical evidence of active EBV infection in tonsillar tissue of pediatric organ transplant recipients. Children who seroconvert from EBV seronegative to seropositive status following organ transplantation are more likely to develop evidence of active EBV tonsillar infection than those who do not seroconvert. Active EBV infection is a potential early precursor of post\u2010transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), a life\u2010 and\/or organ\u2010threatening disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective analysis of pathology specimens and EBV serology titers of pediatric organ transplant recipients at a tertiary care academic medical center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immunohistochemical staining of tonsillectomy specimens and analysis of EBV serology titers were performed on 47 post\u2010transplantation children. Eligible patients included those under age 21 years referred for tonsillectomy who had undergone solid organ transplantation. Data reviewed included gender, age at transplantation, age at tonsillectomy, interval between organ transplantation and tonsillectomy, and type of organ transplanted. EBV was detected in tonsil specimens by in situ hybridization for EBV\u2010encoded small nuclear RNA (EBV\u2010EBER), an indicator of active EBV infection, and EBV\u2010encoded latent membrane protein (EBV\u2010LMP), an indicator of latent EBV infection. Immunohistochemical staining of B\u2010cell clonality was performed for kappa and lambda light chains. EBV serologies pre\u2010 and post\u2010transplantation were obtained from electronic medical record data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010seven children having tonsillectomy following solid organ transplantation were included. Of the 47 patients, 25 (53.5%) were EBV seronegative both before transplantation and at the time of tonsillectomy, eight (17.0%) were EBV seronegative prior to transplantation but converted to EBV seropositivity in the early (\u22646 months) post\u2010transplantation period, eight (17.0%) were seronegative prior to transplantation but converted to EBV seropositive in the late (\u22656 months) post\u2010transplantation period, and six (12.8%) were EBV seropositive prior to transplantation and remained so at the time of tonsillectomy. Overall, 20 specimens (42.6%) were positive for EBV\u2010EBER, and three specimens (6.4%) were positive for EBV\u2010LMP. There was significant difference in the percentage of EBV\u2010EBER positive specimens among the four groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .020). One out of eight (12.5%) of the early seroconversion group had specimens showing EBV\u2010EBER, wheras seven out of eight (87.5%) of the late seroconversion group had tonsil specimens showing EBV\u2010EBER (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .005). There was no significant difference in presence of EBV\u2010LMP among the four groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .667).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Almost one half of post\u2010transplantation children undergoing tonsillectomy have evidence of active EBV tonsillar infection, which was more likely in children who seroconverted from EBV\u2010seronegative to EBV\u2010seropositive in the late post\u2010transplantation period than those who seroconverted in the early post\u2010transplantation period. Based on these novel findings, continued surveillance of EBV status and adenotonsillar hypertrophy in this population should include monitoring of pretransplantation EBV status and timing of seroconversion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,26]],"date-time":"2011-07-26T16:16:02Z","timestamp":1311696962000},"page":"1718-1725","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Association between epstein\u2010barr virus seroconversion and immunohistochemical changes in tonsils of pediatric solid organ transplant recipients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Nina L.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Guan\u2010Zhong 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