{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T04:09:43Z","timestamp":1784693383579,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,17]],"date-time":"2013-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1387238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>1) Characterize the current presentation of pediatric temporal bone fractures, 2) compare two classification schemes for temporal bone fractures and illustrate complications in each fracture type.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective medical record review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tertiary\u2010care, academic children's hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All children presenting from 1999 to 2009 with CT\u2010proven temporal bone fracture and audiology examination with follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All CT scans were reinterpreted by a dedicated head and neck radiologist. All fractures were characterized as otic capsule sparing (OCS) or otic capsule violating (OCV), as well as transverse (T) or longitudinal (L).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CT findings, mechanisms of injury, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), conductive hearing loss (CHL), and facial nerve injury (FNI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seventy\u2010one children met inclusion criteria. Fifty\u2010four (76%) children had longitudinal fractures versus 17 (24%) with transverse fractures. Sixty\u2010four (90%) had OCS versus 7 (10%) with OCV. The otic capsule was involved in 7.4% of longitudinal fractures and 17.6% of transverse fractures. Eleven (15%) had facial weakness, 72% of whom had a visualized fracture through the facial nerve course. SNHL was detected in 14 (20%) patients and CHL in 17(23.9%). All patients with fractures classified as both transverse and OCV had SNHL. The OCS versus OCV and T versus L classification schemes were directly compared for statistical significance in predicting SNHL, CHL, and FNI using the Fisher's exact test. Both OCS\/OCV and T\/L were predictors of SNHL (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .0025 and\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .0143, respectively), but the OCS\/OCV scheme was more accurate. Neither classification significantly predicted CHL or FNI (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .787 versus .825;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .705 vs. .755).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this pediatric series, approximately 75% of the fractures are longitudinal and 25% are transverse. The otic capsule is spared in 90% and violated in 10%. Both OCS\/OCV and L\/T classification schemes predict SNHL, but the OCV\/OCS scheme is more accurate in this prediction. Although the negative predictive value of the two schemes is similar, the positive predictive value is higher with the OCS\/OCV system. The presence of conductive hearing loss and facial nerve symptoms was not predicted by either classification system.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Level of Evidence<\/jats:bold>\n                      : 2b.\n                      <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 124:781\u2013784, 2014\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,17]],"date-time":"2013-12-17T13:32:43Z","timestamp":1387287163000},"page":"781-784","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Pediatric temporal bone fractures: Current trends and comparison of classification schemes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Joshua","family":"Dunklebarger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh Pennsylvania U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"IV","given":"Barton","family":"Branstetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Otolaryngology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh Pennsylvania U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Lincoln","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh Pennsylvania U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Sippey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh Pennsylvania U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh Pennsylvania U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Gaines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh Pennsylvania U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh Pennsylvania U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2008.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289203100103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"188","article-title":"Management of complications from 820 temporal bone fractures","volume":"18","author":"Brodie HA","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J 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