{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T01:58:22Z","timestamp":1771898302653,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,19]],"date-time":"2011-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1324252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our objectives were to explore the multifaceted campaign by the tobacco industry to enlist otolaryngologists in support of their efforts to reassure consumers that cigarettes were safe, and to elucidate the incentives that led so many leading otolaryngologists to give testimony denying a causal linkage between tobacco use and head and neck cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Historical analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent litigation has exposed for public viewing a huge trove of internal tobacco industry documents. These documents include correspondence files, internal memoranda, research solicitations, grant agreements, records of payments, marketing plans, and testimony by otolaryngologists on behalf of tobacco interests in court proceedings, before congressional committees, and at U.S. Federal Trade Commission hearings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evidence shows that marketing divisions of major tobacco companies systematically sought to use the authority and prestige of otolaryngologists to support their promotional efforts. Industry documents reveal widespread collaboration by leaders in the field through conducting research and giving well\u2010compensated testimony favorable to tobacco interests. Invariably, industry\u2010funded research showed tobacco in a favorable light. The industry also sought to influence otolaryngologists with free cigarettes, elegant dinners, and hospitality booths at conventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In revealing this unfortunate period in our history, we by no means intend to diminish the memory of distinguished leaders whose tobacco involvements were certainly more acceptable by the standards of their own time. Rather, by exposing the pervasive tobacco industry manipulation of scientific research for commercial purposes we seek to encourage vigilance by contemporary researchers who might consider seeking funding from an industry that places the pursuit of profits above the well\u2010being of its customers.Laryngoscope, 122:75\u201387, 2012<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,19]],"date-time":"2011-12-19T21:28:45Z","timestamp":1324330125000},"page":"75-87","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The price paid: Manipulation of otolaryngologists by the tobacco industry to obfuscate the emerging truth that smoking causes cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Robert K.","family":"Jackler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hussein A.","family":"Samji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","volume-title":"American Medicine Mobilizes","author":"Rorty J","year":"1939"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","unstructured":"GreenwaldWF. Speech before the officers and members of the Board of Trustees of the American Medical Association 1951. Available at:http:\/\/legacy.library.ucsf.edu\/tid\/eff38e00."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Irritating properties of cigarette smoke as influenced by hygroscopic agents","volume":"35","author":"Mulinos MG","year":"1935","journal-title":"N Y State J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","volume-title":"Deadly Glow: The Radium Dial Worker Tragedy","author":"Mullner R","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-193502000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"106","author":"Philip Morris & Co.","year":"1936","journal-title":"Fortune"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","unstructured":"Report from the Research Department of Philip Morris & Co. The influence of hygroscopic agents from cigarette smoke 1951. Available at:http:\/\/legacy.library.ucsf.edu\/tid\/mqb35e00\/pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","unstructured":"WhiteleyRP. FTC brief: In the matter of Philip Morris & Co. Ltd. 1952. Available at:http:\/\/legacy.library.ucsf.edu\/tid\/wqo15f00\/pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","volume-title":"Some preliminary experiments in the study of cigarette smoke and its effects upon the respiratory tract","author":"Proetz A","year":"1938"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","unstructured":"LW Dean letter to WF Greenwald. April 9 1938. Available at:http:\/\/legacy. library.ucsf.edu\/tid\/jkf38e00."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","unstructured":"LW Dean letter to WF Greenwald. April 22 1939. Available at:http:\/\/legacy. library.ucsf.edu\/tid\/hkf38e00"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","unstructured":"WF Greenwald letter to LW Dean. March 14 1939. Available at:http:\/\/legacy.library.ucsf.edu\/tid\/dkf38e00."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348943904800118"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.131.7.561"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(98)00247-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-194108000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","unstructured":"ClarkeAG. Transmittal memo April1949. Available at:http:\/\/legacy. library.ucsf.edu\/tid\/djg34d00"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","unstructured":"MartinH. Tobacco in the etiology of mouth cancer [a private report to Philip Morris Co.]. 1946. Available at:http:\/\/legacy.library.ucsf.edu\/tid\/onn95d00."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(195711\/12)10:6<1300::AID-CNCR2820100628>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","article-title":"Cancer of the head and neck","volume":"137","author":"Martin H","year":"1948","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","volume-title":"Surgery of Head and Neck Tumors","author":"Martin H","year":"1957"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.16.3.138"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","unstructured":"FTC testimony summary 1944. Available at:http:\/\/legacy.library.ucsf.edu\/tid\/aia19d00."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","first-page":"257","article-title":"Shea (1889\u20131952) obituary","volume":"62","author":"John J","year":"1953","journal-title":"Ann Otol Laryngol Rhinol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","unstructured":"Direct examination of Dr. John Shea before the FTC. 1944. Available at:http:\/\/legacy.library.ucsf.edu\/tid\/erw54e00"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","volume-title":"Cancer of the Larynx","author":"Jackson C","year":"1939"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","unstructured":"Statement of Dr. Louis Clerf Senate Committee on Commerce in March1965. Available at:http:\/\/legacy.library.ucsf.edu\/tid\/sky24f00."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","unstructured":"Statement of Joseph H. Ogura MD Alden H. Miller MD George A. Sisson MD and Harold G. Tabb MD to the Senate Committee on Commerce in March1965. Available at:http:\/\/legacy.library.ucsf.edu\/tid\/pqq96c00."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","unstructured":"Letter to Alexander Holtzman (August 12 1965) regarding compensation for Drs. Ogura and Tabb's Congressional testimony. Available at:http:\/\/legacy.library.ucsf.edu\/tid\/tlm00h00\/pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","unstructured":"Philip Morris interoffice memo. July 31968. Subject: Dr. George Sisson. Available at:http:\/\/legacy.library.ucsf.edu\/tid\/bfr87e00."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","unstructured":"ClerfL. Testimony. Ross vs. Philip Morris. July1962. Available at:http:\/\/legacy.library.ucsf.edu\/tid\/ldu47h00."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","unstructured":"OguraJ. Testimony. Ross vs. Philip Morris. July1962. Available at:http:\/\/legacy.library.ucsf.edu\/tid\/idu47h00."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","unstructured":"Kansas City Times 1962 Smoking defended against cancer charge: St. Louis doctor maintains his stand that cause lies elsewhere"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","unstructured":"ProudG. Testimony. Ross vs. Philip Morris. July1962. Available at:http:\/\/legacy.library.ucsf.edu\/tid\/fqq07a00\/pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","unstructured":"Philip Morris activities of the research program.1938. Available at:http:\/\/legacy.library.ucsf.edu\/tid\/srd38e00."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","unstructured":"Recommendations and activities of the research department\u20141948 (Philip Morris). 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