{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T08:00:32Z","timestamp":1721808032350},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,2]],"date-time":"2013-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Air space reduction tympanomastoidectomy improves outcomes over tympanoplasty in repairing tympanic membrane perforations in the presence of unfavorable risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective review of 67 subjects' 87 operations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interventions were tympanoplasty versus air space reduction tympanomastoidectomy. Risk factors were contracted mastoid air cells, previous failed operations, descent from the indigenous peoples of the Americas, and middle\/ear mastoid volumes l&lt;3 CC. Favorable outcomes were closure of the perforation, no decline in hearing, and creation of a self\u2010cleaning mastoid bowl.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five out of 46 air space reduction tympanomastoidectomies failed to close their perforations (11%). Pure\u2010tone threshold (PTA) worsened in 13\/46 ears (28%). Four of 46 required mastoid bowl cleaning (9%). In contrast, 21 of 41 tympanoplasties failed to close (51%). PTA worsened in 9\/34 ears (26%). All four tympanoplasty failures treated with an air space reduction tympanomastoidectomy closed. Three of the seven tympanoplasty failures treated with a second tympanoplasty did not close. Statistical analysis found two risk factors more prevalent among the air space reduction tympanomastoidectomies: contracted mastoids (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .019) and middle ear volumes &lt;3 CC (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .0001). Increased closure of perforations occurring after the air space reduction tympanomastoidectomy was also statistically significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .0002). Descendants of indigenous peoples of the Americas trended toward better PTAs after their air space reduction tympanomastoidectomies than their tympanoplasties and showed statistically significant increases in closure of perforation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .0046).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Air space reduction tympanomastoidectomy is an effective and safe method for closing tympanic membrane perforations. \u00a9 147.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Level of Evidence: 2b <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 124:S1\u2013S13, 2014<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,2]],"date-time":"2013-04-02T15:16:32Z","timestamp":1364915792000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Air space reduction tympanomastoidectomy repairs difficult perforations more reliably than tympanoplasty"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Miriam I.","family":"Redleaf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otology\/Neurotology University of Illinois\u2013Chicago Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"308","article-title":"Technic and early results of tympanoplasty","volume":"87","author":"Wullstein H","year":"1953","journal-title":"Monatsschrift Ohrenheilkund Laryngorhinolar"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"126","article-title":"Operations for the improvement of the hearing","volume":"4","author":"Zoellner F","year":"1960","journal-title":"Triangle"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2004.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000175067.19744.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-007-0323-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2007.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2009.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3181e40a41"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21365"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200311000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200503000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000226288.96423.ed"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20290"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3181dbb35e"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3181be6b48"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(97)70302-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200409000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2006.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199512000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200403000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000232495.77308.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.125.9.975"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20841"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","volume-title":"Tympanoplasty, Mastoidectomy, and Stapes Surgery","author":"Fisch U","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100094639"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2006.10.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215109991034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3181b4c5e8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e31819e634a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(00)00292-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2006.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(00)80069-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3181b23698"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199812000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004050050047"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","first-page":"1943","article-title":"Otitis media. 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