{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T07:34:29Z","timestamp":1698651269877},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sound pressure level delivered through personal listening devices (PLDs) and reaching the ear drum might be affected by body size and jaw movements. This study aimed to investigate whether jaw movement and\/or smaller body mass index (BMI) resulted in decrease of sound pressure level within the ear canals of PLD users via an earbud earphone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case series.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010five normal\u2010hearing subjects (16 males; mean age, 23.3 years) participated in this study. A probe\u2010microphone system was used to measure sound pressure level in the external ear canal with music delivered from a media player via an earbud earphone. Test materials consisted of two 20\u2010second excerpts from a heavy metal music piece. Subjects were instructed to adjust the volume of the media player to conform to three conditions for sound pressure measurement: comfortable, loud, and maximum. Measurements were then repeated while subjects mimicked chewing action under the same listening conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sound pressure levels were significantly lower when measured with jaw movement than without jaw movement (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05). Sound pressure levels monitored with\/without jaw movement were generally lower in subjects with a BMI&lt;23 than those with a BMI \u226523 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Jaw movement and low BMI (&lt;23) reduced the overall sound level of PLDs at the ear canal. Sound pressure levels detected in the external ear canal of our subjects using earbud earphones were significantly lower under conditions of jaw movement\/BMI &lt;23. Our research invites further studies on a larger group of PLD users to correlate these variables with hearing threshold shifts over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>4. Laryngoscope, 123:1983\u20131987, 2013<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T15:59:24Z","timestamp":1364831964000},"page":"1983-1987","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Low body mass index and jaw movement are protective of hearing in users of personal listening devices"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Lieber Po\u2010Hung","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Cheng Hsin General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine School of Medicine, National Yang\u2010Ming University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Integrated Brain Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research and Education Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann Yi Chiun","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, Mackay Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Language Sciences Macquarie University Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao\u2010Hsin","family":"Tung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research and Education Cheng Hsin General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua Kuang\u2010Chao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Cheng Hsin General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine School of Medicine, National Yang\u2010Ming University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2010\/09-0283)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14992020903202520"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00206099609071936"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2005.02.0039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1124"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2291"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-3179"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e31817e7409"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3180479399"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-200412000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01050398809070697"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-008-0123-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.00525.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000141850.47773.5F"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-199212000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-197802000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.1978.88.4.651"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100096080"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480510012408"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.388857"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flary.23955","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.23955","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T23:27:40Z","timestamp":1696375660000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.23955"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.23955"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.23955","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}}}