{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T21:20:09Z","timestamp":1775337609885,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,12]],"date-time":"2013-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1360627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we detailed factors governing legal outcomes in iatrogenic orbital injury, with the purpose of discussing strategies to minimize liability and enhance patient safety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Jury verdict and settlement reports were searched from publically available federal and state court records using the Westlaw database (Thomson Reuters, New York, NY). After exclusion of nonrelevant cases, 20 cases of iatrogenic orbital injuries were examined for factors such as legal outcome, damages awarded, defendant specialty, alleged causes of malpractice, and patient demographic information.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority (60.0%) of cases were resolved in the defendant's favor. Payment was considerable for the cases decided in support of the plaintiff, averaging $1.13 million. Out\u2010of\u2010court settlements averaged $1.78 million (range, $487,500\u2013$3.9 million), whereas jury\u2010awarded damages averaged $472,661 (range, $75,000\u2013$763,214). Complications stemming from endoscopic sinus surgery were most common (50.0%). Diplopia was the most common medical complaint (50.0%), whereas permanent deficits and having to undergo additional surgery were each present in 65.0% of cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The potential for permanent sequelae of iatrogenic orbital injury makes this complication susceptible to malpractice litigation. Otolaryngologists were the most common defendants. Although cases were resolved in the defendant's favor 60% of the time, payments made were considerable, averaging $1.13 million. Steps to minimize liability and improve patient safety include an informed consent process explicitly listing risks, including diplopia and blindness, and obtaining timely ophthalmology consultation when a complication is recognized.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 123:2099\u20132103, 2013<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,12]],"date-time":"2013-02-12T16:52:46Z","timestamp":1360687966000},"page":"2099-2103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Legal Liability in Iatrogenic Orbital Injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Peter F.","family":"Svider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey New Jersey Medical School Newark New Jersey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Kovalerchik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey New Jersey Medical School Newark New Jersey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew C.","family":"Mauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Michigan Law School Ann Arbor Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soly","family":"Baredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey New Jersey Medical School Newark New Jersey"},{"name":"Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey New Jersey Medical School Newark New Jersey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean Anderson","family":"Eloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey New Jersey Medical School Newark New Jersey"},{"name":"Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey New Jersey Medical School Newark New Jersey"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey New Jersey Medical School Newark New Jersey U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200408000-00032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"DC: General Accounting Office 1995 General Accounting Office. 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