{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T10:16:25Z","timestamp":1790244985346,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,25]],"date-time":"2013-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1366848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>The possibility that long\u2010term mobile phone use increases the incidence of astrocytoma, glioma and acoustic neuroma has been investigated in several studies. Recently, our group showed that direct exposure (in a surgical setting) to cell phone electromagnetic fields (EMFs) induces deterioration of auditory evoked cochlear nerve compound action potential (CNAP) in humans. To verify whether the use of Bluetooth devices reduces these effects, we conducted the present study with the same experimental protocol.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Randomized trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve patients underwent retrosigmoid vestibular neurectomy to treat definite unilateral M\u00e9ni\u00e8re's disease while being monitored with acoustically evoked CNAPs to assess direct mobile phone exposure or alternatively the EMF effects of Bluetooth headsets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found no short\u2010term effects of Bluetooth EMFs on the auditory nervous structures, whereas direct mobile phone EMF exposure confirmed a significant decrease in CNAPs amplitude and an increase in latency in all subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The outcomes of the present study show that, contrary to the finding that the latency and amplitude of CNAPs are very sensitive to EMFs produced by the tested mobile phone, the EMFs produced by a common Bluetooth device do not induce any significant change in cochlear nerve activity. The conditions of exposure, therefore, differ from those of everyday life, in which various biological tissues may reduce the EMF affecting the cochlear nerve. Nevertheless, these novel findings may have important safety implications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>4. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 124:255\u2013259, 2014<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,25]],"date-time":"2013-04-25T16:01:41Z","timestamp":1366905701000},"page":"255-259","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effect of bluetooth headset and mobile phone electromagnetic fields on the human auditory nerve"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Mandal\u00e0","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department University of Verona Verona Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Verona Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Colletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department University of Verona Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Sacchetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department University of Verona Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Manganotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Verona Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Ramat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Systems Science University of Pavia Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Marcocci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department University of Verona Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Colletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department University of Verona Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2006.029751"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo_00000307"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20635"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"270","article-title":"Auditory brainstem response changes during exposure to GSM\u2010900 radiation: an experimental study","volume":"6","author":"Kaprana AE","year":"2010","journal-title":"Audiol Neurootol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.222737"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2345\/0899-8205-44.4.350"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0265021505000979"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2007.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(95)70102-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09553000903567961"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"494","article-title":"Guidelines for limiting exposure to time\u2010varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz)","volume":"74","author":"International Commission on Non\u2010Ionizing Radiation Protection","year":"1998","journal-title":"Health Phys"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","unstructured":"Swiss Federal Office of Public Health. Bluetooth. BAG Web site. January 30 2007. Available at:http:\/\/www.bag.admin.ch\/themen\/strahlung\/00053\/00673\/03571. 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