{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T18:06:19Z","timestamp":1793383579639,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,31]],"date-time":"2013-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our first objective was to perform a systematic review of suture\u2010based tongue suspension procedures as a stand\u2010alone therapy for hypopharyngeal obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). A second objective compared outcomes of tongue suspension as part of a multilevel approach to OSA surgery to genioglossus advancement (GA) with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), and to genioglossus advancement with hyoid suspension (GAHM) with UPPP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systematic review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The PubMed database was queried for English\u2010language studies published after 1997 to create four cohorts: tongue suspension alone, tongue suspension with UPPP, GA\u2009+\u2009UPPP, and GAHM with UPPP. Chi\u2010squared test was used to compare outcomes between cohorts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010seven studies were included, broken down into cohorts based on our selection criteria. Six studies qualified for the tongue suspension\u2010alone group with a surgical success rate of 36.6%. Eight studies qualified for our cohort of tongue suspension with UPPP with a surgical success rate of 62.3%. Eighteen studies qualified for our remaining two cohorts: GA\u2009+\u2009UPPP, and GAHM\u2009+\u2009UPPP. Their surgical success rates were both 61.1%. A chi\u2010squared test to compare surgical outcomes showed that there was no difference between tongue suspension with UPPP, GA\u2009+\u2009UPPP, and GAHM\u2009+\u2009UPPP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tongue suspension is effective and safe as part of a multilevel surgical approach for patients with OSA. As a stand\u2010alone procedure, its success rate is 36.6%, comparable to UPPP procedures for OSA success rates across the board. Tongue suspension should be considered in patients with OSA who demonstrate tongue base obstruction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>4. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 124:329\u2013336, 2014<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]],"date-time":"2013-06-01T04:02:36Z","timestamp":1370059356000},"page":"329-336","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Tongue suspension"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Ethan","family":"Handler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery Kaiser Permanente Oakland California U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evert","family":"Hamans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery , Multidisciplinary Sleep Center University Hospital Antwerp Edegem 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