{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T03:37:34Z","timestamp":1791171454211,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,6]],"date-time":"2013-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compare cytokine levels in sinus tissue to sinus secretions from controls and chronic rhinosinusitis patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>In vitro.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polyurethane foam sponges were placed into middle meati of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), with polyps (CRSwNP), and controls. Sinus biopsies were then taken from the same location. Protein levels of tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1), interferon\u2010\u03b3 (IFN\u2010\u03b3), and interleukins (IL) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 17A were measured via cytometric bead assay for each sample. Protein values from sinus tissue and secretions were compared with Pearson's correlation between samples as well as one\u2010way ANOVA with posthoc <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test between groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Samples from 43 patients in total were examined. Mucus was measured from 10 controls, 11 CRSsNP and 10 CRSwNP, and sinus tissue was measured from 10 controls, 15 CRSsNP and 10 CRSwNP. IL\u20108 and IFN\u2010\u03b3 levels were outside of the detectable range of the assay. Levels of secreted IL\u20102, 4, 6, 10, and 17A correlated with tissue levels (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 for all, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.49) while TNF\u2010\u03b1 did not (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.71). CRSsNP had elevated mucus levels of IL\u20102, 4, 6, 10, and 17A compared to controls. CRSwNP had elevated mucus levels of IL\u20104, 6, 10, 17A, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 compared to controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cytokine levels in sinus secretions correlate with levels in sinus tissue and are elevated in CRS versus control based on Th1\/Th2 skewing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>N\/A (in vitro). <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 123:E72\u2013E78, 2013<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,12]],"date-time":"2013-07-12T14:26:40Z","timestamp":1373639200000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Cytokine correlation between sinus tissue and nasal secretions among chronic rhinosinusitis and controls"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Samuel L.","family":"Oyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology&amp;Sinus Surgery Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer K.","family":"Mulligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology&amp;Sinus Surgery Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina"},{"name":"Research Service Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center Charleston South Carolina"},{"name":"Rhinology Division, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Stanford Medical Center Stanford California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alkis J.","family":"Psaltis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology Division, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Stanford Medical Center Stanford California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oswaldo A.","family":"Henriquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology&amp;Sinus Surgery Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodney J.","family":"Schlosser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology&amp;Sinus Surgery Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina"},{"name":"Research Service Ralph H. 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