{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:56:50Z","timestamp":1787507810950,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,5]],"date-time":"2013-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the effect of oral plus intranasal corticosteroids on subjective outcomes (smell and nasal congestion) and objective outcomes (tissue eosinophilia and nitric oxide) in severe nasal polyposis (NP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After a 4\u2010week steroid washout period (w0), severe NP were randomized into a treatment group (n\u2009=\u200967) that receive oral prednisone for 2 weeks (w2) plus intranasal budesonide for 12 weeks (w12), and a control group (n\u2009=\u200922) that received no steroid treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Barcelona Smell Test 24 (BAST\u201024), nasal congestion, tissue eosinophilia, and nasal nitric oxide (nNO) were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Before treatment, patients showed a significant impairment of smell detection (30.7\u2009\u00b1\u200939.5%), identification (7.1\u2009\u00b1\u200916.1%), and forced choice (13.8\u2009\u00b1\u200923.3%) in BAST\u201024 compared to healthy population. At w2, the treatment group showed a significant improvement in detection, identification, and forced choice. Positive effect was also seen after 12 weeks of intranasal corticosteroids. A significant reduction of nasal congestion (1.17\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0 vs. 2.73\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5) and polyp tissue eosinophilia (10.9\u2009\u00b1\u20094.2 vs. 41.2\u2009\u00b1\u200912.2) with an increase of nNO (650\u2009\u00b1\u2009317 vs. 420\u2009\u00b1\u2009221 ppb) were observed at w2 compared to w0 and to the control group. These effects were also seen at w12.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combined oral and intranasal corticosteroids improve smell and nasal congestion and decrease nasal inflammation, as measured by reduced tissue eosinophilia and increased detection of nNO. Severity of smell loss correlates with degree of nasal congestion but not with inflammation, as measured by tissue eosinophilia or nasally exhaled nNO. Our findings suggest that improvement in smell may be related to improved conduction of odorants to the olfactory neuroepithelium.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ib.\n                      <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 124:50\u201356, 2014\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,30]],"date-time":"2013-07-30T11:24:12Z","timestamp":1375183452000},"page":"50-56","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Oral plus nasal corticosteroids improve smell, nasal congestion, and inflammation in sino\u2010nasal polyposis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Isam","family":"Alobid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Barcelona Catalonia Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona Catalonia Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, (CIBERES) Barcelona Catalonia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Ben\u00edtez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Hospital Sant Joan Desp\u00ed\u2013Mois\u00e8s Broggi Barcelona Catalonia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Cardel\u00fas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u Barcelona Catalonia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"de Borja Callejas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona Catalonia Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, (CIBERES) Barcelona Catalonia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Lehrer\u2010Coriat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Barcelona Catalonia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Pujols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona Catalonia Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, (CIBERES) Barcelona Catalonia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesar","family":"Picado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Hospital Clinic Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Catalonia Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, (CIBERES) Barcelona Catalonia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Mullol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Barcelona Catalonia Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona Catalonia Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, (CIBERES) Barcelona Catalonia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps Group. 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