{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:49:26Z","timestamp":1790804966610,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,19]],"date-time":"2013-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1379548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of olfactory training (OT) on olfactory function in patients with persistent postinfectious olfactory dysfunction (PIOD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Randomized, single\u2010blind, controlled, multicenter crossover study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve tertiary university medical centers participated. Investigations were performed at three visits (baseline, after 18 weeks, and after 36 weeks), including only subjects with PIOD of &lt;24\u2010months duration. At each visit, participants received detailed assessment of olfactory function. Seventy subjects trained with high concentrations of four odors for 18 weeks; the other half (n\u2009=\u200974) trained with low concentrations of odors. For the following 18 weeks this regimen was switched.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After 18 weeks, olfactory function improved in the high\u2010training group in 18 of 70 participants (26%), whereas only 11\/74 improved in the low\u2010training group (15%). In subjects with a duration of olfactory dysfunction of &lt;12 months, olfactory function improved in 15\/24 participants (63%) of the high\u2010training group and in 6\/31 participants (19%) of the low\u2010training group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.03).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>OT improves PIOD, and the use of odors at higher concentrations is beneficial to improvement. OT is a safe procedure and appears to be particularly useful in patients who start OT within 12 months after the onset of the disorder. OT is the first successful therapy regime in patients with PIOD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>1b. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 124:826\u2013831, 2014<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,8]],"date-time":"2013-08-08T13:11:50Z","timestamp":1375967510000},"page":"826-831","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":331,"title":["Olfactory training is helpful in postinfectious olfactory loss: A randomized, controlled, multicenter study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Damm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology University Hospitals of Cologne Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louisa K.","family":"Pikart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology University Hospitals of Cologne Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Reimann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Jena University Hospital Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silke","family":"Burkert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Halle\u2013Wittenberg Halle\u2013Wittenberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6nder","family":"G\u00f6ktas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Charit\u00e9 Berlin\/HNO Zentrums am Kudamm Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Haxel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Mainz Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim Mannheim Germany"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , University Hospital Regensburg Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Charalampakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Otorhinolaryngology University of Magdeburg and Sana Ohren\u2013Klinikum Haldensleben Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achim","family":"Beule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery University Clinics of Greifswald Greifswald Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berthold","family":"Renner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Erlangen\u2013N\u00fcrnberg Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hummel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Smell and Taste Clinic, Technical University of Dresden Medical School Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl\u2010Bernd","family":"H\u00fcttenbrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology University Hospitals of Cologne Cologne 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