{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T21:11:12Z","timestamp":1760044272083},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,3]],"date-time":"2014-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Small, powerful magnets are increasingly available in toys and other products, and are responsible for increasing numbers of foreign body injuries in children. Small, spherical, neodymium magnets available since 2008 are of particular concern. We aimed to identify all cases of upper aerodigestive foreign bodies at our institution over 15.5 years of study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case series including all patients treated at an urban, tertiary care children's hospital who had upper aerodigestive magnetic foreign bodies, from January 1, 1998 through April 30, 2013.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We manually reviewed 7,049 patient records abstracted from billing data to identify all patients 0 to 20 years of age who had upper aerodigestive magnetic foreign bodies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified four cases of upper aerodigestive magnetic foreign bodies, one involving the hypopharynx, and three involving the upper esophagus. Three occurred in 2010 or later. Two cases involve the ingestion of multiple, spherical, neodymium magnets recently marketed as desktop toys. In both of these cases, there was a rapid development of mucosal injury at the site of attraction between two magnets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>As small, powerful magnets become more ubiquitous, pediatric magnet foreign body injuries are increasing. Although most are gastrointestinal, we identified four recent cases involving the upper aerodigestive tract. Multiple magnets lodged in the hypopharynx or esophagus can rapidly cause pressure necrosis of mucosal tissues, and merit prompt management. Education regarding magnet safety and improved magnet safety standards are needed to reduce the risk of these injuries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>4. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 124:1481\u20131485, 2014<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,31]],"date-time":"2013-10-31T12:47:54Z","timestamp":1383223674000},"page":"1481-1485","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Upper aerodigestive magnetic foreign bodies in children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Julie C.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Hospital Seattle Washington"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine University of Washington Seattle Washington U.S.A"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fred M.","family":"Baik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Washington Seattle Washington U.S.A"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry C.","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Hospital Seattle Washington"},{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Washington Seattle Washington U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey P.","family":"Otjen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Hospital Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah G.","family":"Parish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Hospital Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dylan K.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Washington Seattle Washington U.S.A"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2013.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318292fa2e"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e3182a9e7aa"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"416","article-title":"Accidental ingestion of two magnets\u2014aggressive or prolonged approach?","volume":"22","author":"Durko A","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pol Merkur Lekarski"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"269","article-title":"Management of foreign body ingestion in children: experience with 42 cases","volume":"44","author":"Lin MT","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Taiwan"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLE.0b013e318231206f"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition. Warning labels ineffective at preventing high\u2010powered magnet ingestions: NASPGHAN releases new survey findings. 2012. Available at:http:\/\/www.naspghan.org\/user\u2010assets\/Documents\/pdf\/Advocacy\/Magnets\/NASPGHAN%20Media%20Advisory%20on%20Magnet%20Ingestions.pdf. Accessed October 8 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-012-2549-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2006.12.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-011-3026-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5833\/jjgs.41.2069"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","unstructured":"U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Safety standard for magnet sets; notice of proposed rulemaking [billing code 6355\u201001\u2010P 16 CFR part 1240]. CPSC brief. 2012. Available at:https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/articles\/2012\/09\/04\/2012\u201021608\/safety\u2010standard\u2010for\u2010magnet\u2010sets. Accessed October 8 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","unstructured":"U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. CPSC sues Star Networks USA over hazardous high\u2010powered magnet balls and cubes [release #13\u2010077 December 19 2012]. News from CPSC. 2012. Available at:http:\/\/www.cpsc.gov\/en\/Newsroom\/News\u2010Releases\/2013\/CPSC\u2010Sues\u2010Star\u2010Networks\u2010USA\u2010Over\u2010Hazardous\u2010High\u2010Powered\u2010Magnetic\u2010Balls\u2010and\u2010Cubes. Accessed October 8 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","unstructured":"U.S. Consumer Products Safety Commission. CPSC sues Zen Magnets over hazardous high\u2010powered magnetic balls action prompted by ongoing harm to children from ingested magnets [release #12\u2010243 August 7 2012]. 2012. Available at:http:\/\/www.cpsc.gov\/Newsroom\/News\u2010Releases\/2012\/CPSC\u2010Sues\u2010Zen\u2010Magnets\u2010Over\u2010Hazardous\u2010High\u2010Powered\u2010Magnetic\u2010Balls\u2010Action\u2010prompted\u2010by\u2010ongoing\u2010harm\u2010to\u2010children\u2010from\u2010ingested\u2010magnets. 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