{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:29:51Z","timestamp":1777620591697,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,13]],"date-time":"2013-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1386892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine if differences in objective measures of laryngeal function can meaningfully explain different levels of self\u2010perceptions of effort or fatigue in patients with vocal fold paresis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective chart review of 72 patients with vocal fold paresis diagnosed using laryngeal electromyography, who had either been observed (n\u2009=\u200921), treated only by injection (n\u2009=\u200924), or treated only by surgery (n\u2009=\u200927).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Before and after treatment\/observation, patients' subjective ratings of severity of vocal effort and fatigue were assessed using the Glottal Function Index. Laryngeal function was assessed using maximum phonation time and translaryngeal flow.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>None of the variables demonstrated a significant linear change across time. Post hoc Tukey analyses following analysis of variance (ANOVA) found significant differences in flow among three groups, those rating symptoms of effort as no problem, moderate problem, or severe problem. Post hoc Tukey analyses following ANOVA found significant differences in the amount that flow changed among three groups, those demonstrating no difference, minor differences, or major differences in ratings of effort before and after treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Changes in reported symptom severity of effort were related to changes in translaryngeal midvowel flow that were not explained by passage of time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>4. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 124:1631\u20131637, 2014<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T09:38:43Z","timestamp":1383298723000},"page":"1631-1637","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Perceived vocal fatigue and effort in relation to laryngeal functional measures in paresis patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Sheila V.","family":"Stager","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Voice Treatment Center, Medical Faculty Associates, Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology The George Washington University Medical Center Washington DC U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven A.","family":"Bielamowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Voice Treatment Center, Medical Faculty Associates, Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology The George Washington University Medical Center Washington DC U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3224706"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000239064"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2005.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199804000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.131.11.961"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(03)00033-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3705.1001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2004.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2008.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2004.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2273.1998.2360533.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2004.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLG.0000199743.99527.9F"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2008.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2012.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","unstructured":"SandbrinkF.Motor unit recruitment in EMG definition of motor unit recruitment and overview. 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