{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:20:39Z","timestamp":1762521639780},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,11]],"date-time":"2014-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1394496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a devastating disease, caused by infection of the upper aerodigestive tract with human papillomavirus types 6 and 11. There is no cure for RRP, and surgical removal is the mainstay of treatment. The purpose of this project was to compare genes of cell cycle, apoptosis, and inflammatory cytokines in laryngeal papilloma versus normal tissue for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the disease to discover novel therapies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Basic science research study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Papilloma tissue was obtained from patients requiring surgical debridement. For comparison, normal mucosa was obtained from the excised uvula of patients undergoing uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Total RNA was extracted from both groups and then probed using customized reverse transcriptase real time polymerase chain reaction gene arrays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The custom arrays examine expression of 84 separate genes within the cell cycle, apoptosis, and inflammatory cytokine pathways. Our findings based on 11 papilloma samples run in comparison to normal mucosa shows that the <jats:italic>MCL<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u22121<\/jats:italic> gene of the apoptosis pathway is significantly downregulated. cytokine genes <jats:italic>IL1\u2010A, IL\u20108, IL\u201018,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>IL\u201031<\/jats:italic> are also significantly dysregulated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Genes of cell cycle and apoptosis are generally upregulated and downregulated, respectively, as expected in papilloma tissue, with <jats:italic>MCL\u20101<\/jats:italic> achieving significance when compared to normal tissue. The finding of particular interest is that inflammatory cytokine genes were significantly downregulated, including <jats:italic>IL1\u2010A, IL\u201018<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>IL\u201031<\/jats:italic>. This finding may explain why patients infected with the virus are unable to mediate a T\u2010cell immune clearance of their disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 124:E320\u2013E325, 2014<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,22]],"date-time":"2014-01-22T08:21:41Z","timestamp":1390378901000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Genetic dysregulation in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Regina","family":"Rodman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simukayi","family":"Mutasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Crystal","family":"Dupuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Spratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Underbrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"MarsicoM MehtaV WentworthC ChastekB DerkayCS.Estimating the disease burden of juvenile onset RRP in the US using large administrative databases\u2014preliminary pilot results. 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