{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T15:58:05Z","timestamp":1783353485317,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,2]],"date-time":"2014-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electromechanical reshaping (EMR) involves reshaping cartilage by mechanical deformation and delivering electric current to the area around the bend axis, causing local stress relaxation and permanent shape change. The mechanism of EMR is currently unclear, although preliminary studies suggest that voltage and application time are directly related to the concentration and diffusion of acid\u2013base products within the treated tissue with little heat generation. This study aims to characterize local tissue pH changes following EMR and to demonstrate that local tissue pH changes are correlated with tissue damage and shape change.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ex vivo animal study involving EMR of rabbit nasal septal cartilage and biochemical estimation of tissue pH changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The magnitude and diffusion of acid\u2013base chemical products in control (0V, 2 minutes), shape change (4V, 4 minutes; 6V, 1, 2, 4 minutes; 8V, 1, 2 minutes), and tissue damage (8V, 4, 5 minutes; 10V, 4, 5 minutes) parameters following EMR are approximated by analyzing local pH changes after pH indicator application.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a direct relationship between total charge transfer and extent of acid\u2013base product diffusion (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.05). A \u201cpH transition zone\u201d is seen surrounding the bend apex above 8V, 2 minutes. Colorimetric analysis suggests that small local pH changes (10<jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup> hydrogen ions) are at least partly implicated in clinically efficacious EMR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results provide additional insight into the translational applications of EMR, particularly the relationship among pH changes, shape change, and tissue injury, and are integral in optimizing this promising technology for clinical use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>N\/A. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic> 124:E405\u2013E410, 2014<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,29]],"date-time":"2014-03-29T08:18:50Z","timestamp":1396081130000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["In\u2010depth analysis of pH\u2010dependent mechanisms of electromechanical reshaping of rabbit nasal septal cartilage"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Edward C.","family":"Kuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery University of California\u2013Los Angeles Los Angeles"},{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California\u2013Irvine Irvine California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley A.","family":"Hamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California\u2013Irvine Irvine California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyrus T.","family":"Manuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California\u2013Irvine Irvine California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitriy E.","family":"Protsenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California\u2013Irvine Irvine California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian J. F.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California\u2013Irvine Irvine California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-200045020-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-200211000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-0709(93)90115-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00011365"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.4.3.180"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.5.1.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-005-9051-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200311000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"7161","article-title":"Electromechanical reshaping of rabbit septal cartilage: a six needle electrode geometric configuration","author":"Wu EC","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Soc Photo Opt Instrum Eng"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(87)90282-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3138647"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-010-0088-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"7883","article-title":"pH\u2010dependent mechanisms of electromechanical cartilage reshaping","author":"Wu EC","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Soc Photo Opt Instrum Eng"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2011.2157155"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4004916"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23730"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-010-0139-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2014.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21892"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1363754"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/2013.jamafacial.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2894880"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"7901","article-title":"The influence of electric charge transferred during electro\u2010mechanical reshaping on mechanical behavior of cartilage","author":"Protsenko DE","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Soc Photo Opt Instrum Eng"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02458317"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flary.24696","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.24696","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/lary.24696","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.24696","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T04:47:35Z","timestamp":1694407655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.24696"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,2]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.24696"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.24696","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,2]]}}}