{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T03:30:50Z","timestamp":1776742250388,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,26]],"date-time":"2014-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1403740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Laryngeal cleft (LC) associated with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) with or without esophageal atresia (EA) has rarely been described. The purpose of this study is to review our experience, clinical features, management, delay in diagnosis, and complications in children with these anomalies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective chart review at pediatric tertiary referral center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients diagnosed with LC alone or LC and TEF over a 10\u2010year period were included. Data including demographics, type of TEF and LC, comorbidities, symptoms, management, complications and swallowing outcomes were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 161 pediatric patients diagnosed with LC alone and 22 with LC and TEF. In patients with LC and TEF, aspiration was the most common presenting symptom (n\u2009=\u200911, 50%). Seventeen patients (77%, mean age 4 years 7 months) underwent endoscopic repair and five patients (23%) with type I clefts did not require surgery. Two patients required revision surgery. For patients with LC alone, the mean age at repair was 3.70 years (4 months\u201319.9 years) compared to 4.69 years (8 months\u201317.83 years) for patients with LC and TEF (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0187). The postoperative swallowing studies from 15 patients showed no aspiration. Mean follow\u2010up was 4 years and 6 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The diagnosis and management of LC in patients with TEF is often delayed. If a child presents with persistent aspiration after TEF repair, a complete airway endoscopy should be performed to evaluate for vocal fold mobility and cleft. Endoscopic repair is the recommended approach for those patients requiring surgical intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>4. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 125:469\u2013474, 2015<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,26]],"date-time":"2014-06-26T09:54:17Z","timestamp":1403776457000},"page":"469-474","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["The association between laryngeal cleft and tracheoesophageal fistula: Myth or reality?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Jose C.","family":"Fraga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Thoracic Surgery Unit\/Pediatric Surgery Service Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre Department of Surgery School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eelam A.","family":"Adil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otology and Laryngology Harvard Medical School Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts U.S.A"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts U.S.A"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Kacprowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts U.S.A"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret L.","family":"Skinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Jennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts U.S.A"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Lillehei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts U.S.A"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Rahbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otology and Laryngology Harvard Medical School Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts U.S.A"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts U.S.A"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348946907800108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.132.12.1335"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Pediatric Airway Surgery. 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