{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T22:00:59Z","timestamp":1787349659499,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]],"date-time":"2014-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To systematically review existing literature on the association between secondhand smoke and sleep\u2010disordered breathing in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Review Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inclusion criteria included English\u2010language papers containing original human data, with seven or more subjects and age &lt;18 years. Data were systematically collected on study design, patient demographics, clinical characteristics\/outcomes, and level of evidence. Two investigators independently reviewed all manuscripts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The initial search yielded 72 abstracts; 18 articles were ultimately included with a total study population of 47,462 patients. Fifteen (83%) articles found a statistically significant association between secondhand smoke and sleep\u2010disordered breathing. All were case\u2010control studies. Quality of articles based on the Newcastle\u2010Ottawa scale averaged 5.8\/9 stars. Secondhand smoke was characterized by serum cotinine testing in only two (11%) studies. Sleep\u2010disordered breathing was quantified by polysomnography in only four (22%) of the studies and only one (6%) classified subject using polysomnography exclusively. Habitual snoring was the most common form of sleep\u2010disordered breathing studied in 14\/18 (78%) studies, whereas obstructive sleep apnea was reported in one (6%) study and sleep\u2010related hypoxia in another (6%) study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the majority of studies included in this review found a significant association between secondhand smoke and sleep\u2010disordered breathing, all of them were evidence level 3b, for an overall grade of B (Oxford Centre for Evidence\u2010based Medicine). Further higher\u2010quality studies should be performed in the future to better evaluate the relationship between second\u2010 smoke and sleep\u2010disordered breathing in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      NA\n                      <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 125:241\u2013247, 2015\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]],"date-time":"2014-07-31T02:13:44Z","timestamp":1406772824000},"page":"241-247","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["The association between secondhand smoke and sleep\u2010disordered breathing in children: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Sebastian M.","family":"Jara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Benke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra Y.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey L.","family":"Ishman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Otolaryngology &amp; Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati School of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2006 Surgeon general's report\u2014the health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke. Available at:http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tobacco\/data_statistics\/sgr\/2006\/index.htm. Accessed December 8 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International consultation on environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and child health.1999. Available at:http:\/\/www.who.int\/tobacco\/health_impact\/youth\/ets\/en\/print.html. Accessed December 8 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"California Environmental Protection Agency (Cal EPA) Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Health effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. 1997. Available at:http:\/\/www.oehha.org\/air\/environmental_tobacco\/finalets.html. Accessed December 8 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"Report of the Scientific Committee on Tobacco and Health 1998. Stationery Office of the United Kingdom. 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