{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T21:57:23Z","timestamp":1775599043628,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,31]],"date-time":"2014-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bell's palsy is highly associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). Either the reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV\u20101) or diabetic mononeuropathy has been proposed to cause the facial paralysis observed in DM patients. However, distinguishing whether the facial palsy is caused by herpetic neuritis or diabetic mononeuropathy is difficult. We previously reported that facial paralysis was aggravated in DM mice after HSV\u20101 inoculation of the murine auricle. In the current study, we induced HSV\u20101 reactivation by an auricular scratch following DM induction with streptozotocin (STZ).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Controlled animal study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diabetes mellitus was induced with streptozotocin injection in only mice that developed transient facial nerve paralysis with HSV\u20101. Recurrent facial palsy was induced after HSV\u20101 reactivation by auricular scratch.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After DM induction, the number of cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3)<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells decreased by 70% in the DM mice, and facial nerve palsy recurred in 13% of the DM mice. Herpes simplex virus type 1 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was detected in the facial nerve of all of the DM mice with palsy, and HSV\u20101 capsids were found in the geniculate ganglion using electron microscopy. Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA was also found in some of the DM mice without palsy, which suggested the subclinical reactivation of HSV\u20101.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggested that HSV\u20101 reactivation in the geniculate ganglion may be the main causative factor of the increased incidence of facial paralysis in DM patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>N\/A. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 125:E143\u2013E148, 2015<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,31]],"date-time":"2014-10-31T07:31:42Z","timestamp":1414740702000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Facial nerve palsy after reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 in diabetic mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Esaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School  Nagoya Japan"},{"name":"Department of Virology Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya University  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Yamano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sachiyo","family":"Katsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshiya","family":"Minakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School  Nagoya 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