{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T14:43:00Z","timestamp":1776523380689,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,19]],"date-time":"2015-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Phonosurgery requires technical precision and careful tissue handling. Typically, phonosurgical procedures require single\u2010operator techniques, making it difficult for novice residents to develop necessary skills. We developed a low\u2010cost phonosurgery simulator to allow practice and acquisition of microlaryngeal skills.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Validation study assessing the simulator's face and content validity in surgical education.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>For construction, the simulator is composed of a simulation station and laryngeal modules, each constructed with inexpensive, easily accessible materials including plywood and polyvinyl chloride pipe. Laryngeal modules were constructed using rubber bands, bacitracin, and plastic wrap to simulate layers of the true vocal fold. Three separate modules were developed to address specific skills: 1) basic instrumentation; 2) papilloma debulking; 3) subepithelial and epithelial lesion excision. Papillomas, subepithelial, and epithelial lesions were simulated with grapefruit, caulk, and suture, respectively. The Kantor\u2010Berci video laryngoscope was used for visualization.<\/jats:p><jats:p>For validation, face and content validity were assessed by attending otolaryngologists (n\u2009=\u200916), who performed the three specific skills using the simulation station and completed a 5\u2010point Likert\u2010type postsimulation questionnaire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most participants (89%) strongly agreed that the simulator incorporates essential phonosurgery skills and that portions of the model simulated an actual case (content validity). All participants (100%) agreed that the simulator is an adequate training device to increase resident competency and would be interested in using it to train residents (face validity).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This simulator has the potential to be an important component of phonosurgical education and preoperative preparation. Advantages include a realistic experience, modular design, and inexpensive construction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>N\/A. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 125:1409\u20131413, 2015<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,20]],"date-time":"2015-01-20T04:45:50Z","timestamp":1421729150000},"page":"1409-1413","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Low\u2010cost modular phonosurgery training station: Development and validation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Holliday","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington DC U.S.A"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria M.","family":"Bones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington DC U.S.A"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonya","family":"Malekzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington DC U.S.A"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazaneen N.","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington DC U.S.A"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199912000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23763"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21099"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2011.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22441"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200405000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/002221505775010841"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-003-0035-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811430187"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flary.25143","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.25143","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T17:38:04Z","timestamp":1696354684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.25143"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,19]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.25143"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.25143","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,19]]}}}