{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T19:30:11Z","timestamp":1776713411243,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,30]],"date-time":"2015-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a chromatin protein that functions as a proinflammatory cytokine when secreted in response to inflammatory stimuli. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the HMGB1 level in nasal secretions and the severity of inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nasal secretions were obtained by irrigation of the affected sinonasal cavities with normal saline. Total 63 nasal lavage fluid samples were collected from 38 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery. Levels of HMGB1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)\u22121\u03b2, and IL\u20108 were determined by enzyme\u2010linked immunoassay. Severity of inflammation was assessed by the Lund\u2010Mackay scoring system, which is based on preoperative computed tomography scans. Concurrent medical disorders, presence of nasal polyps, septal deviation, and allergic rhinitis were also investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The level of HMGB1 in nasal lavage fluid was positively correlated with the Lund\u2010Mackay score. The score was the only factor associated with HMGB1 by univariate and multivariate analysis. Other cytokines, with the exception of IL\u20108, were not correlated with the Lund\u2010Mackay score.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results showed that HMGB1 is secreted into the extracellular area space in the upper airway, and HMGB1 levels in nasal lavage fluid correlate with severity of inflammation, as assessed by the Lund\u2010Mackay staging system for chronic rhinosinusitis. These results provide evidence for HMGB1 as an inflammatory mediator associated with the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>N\/A. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 125:E225\u2013E230, 2015<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,30]],"date-time":"2015-01-30T10:59:47Z","timestamp":1422615587000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Level of secreted <scp>HMGB<\/scp>1 correlates with severity of inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Hyun Jin","family":"Min","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Airway Mucus Institute Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Airway Mucus Institute Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Center for Human Natural Defense System Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tae Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Airway Mucus Institute Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Center for Human Natural Defense System Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyo Jin","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Airway Mucus Institute Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joo\u2010Heon","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Airway Mucus Institute Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang\u2010Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Airway Mucus Institute Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00072003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2005.02316.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2004.01989.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1212662"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0801873"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2010.3356"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202472"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2007.00574.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5179"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-012-0901-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-009-9485-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32","DOI":"10.1017\/S1462399408000884","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of HMGB1\u2010targeting agents in sepsis","volume":"10","author":"Wang H","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S146239940900101X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042748"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2013.27.3909"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"183","article-title":"Staging in rhinosinusitus","volume":"31","author":"Lund VJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"597","article-title":"Mediator release after nasal airway challenge with allergen","volume":"128","author":"Naclerio RM","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2009.23.3289"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2005.00721.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"185","article-title":"Cytokines in nasal lavage fluids from acute sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, and chronic fatigue syndrome subjects","volume":"23","author":"Repka\u2010Ramirez S","year":"2002","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2010.00173"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200903-0340OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000345246"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096351"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12276"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21237"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e32832ac393"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flary.25172","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.25172","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T01:53:32Z","timestamp":1696384412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.25172"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,30]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.25172"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.25172","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,30]]}}}