{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T11:48:59Z","timestamp":1740138539786,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,7]],"date-time":"2015-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"The National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P50 DC007667"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 DC007667"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Determine if oral treatment with a vasoconstrictor decreases the blood to middle ear exchange rate of the perfusion\u2010limited gas, nitrous oxide (N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Randomized, double\u2010blind, crossover study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten adult subjects with and 10 without past middle ear disease completed paired experimental sessions, identical except for oral treatment with either pseudoephedrine hydrochloride or lactose placebo. At each session, subjects were fitted with a nonrebreathing mask and breathed room air for 20 minutes (acclimation period), 50% N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O:50% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> for 20 minutes (experimental period), and 100% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> for 10 minutes (recovery period). Throughout, heart rate, blood pressure, and O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> saturation were monitored, and bilateral middle ear pressures were recorded by tympanometry every minute. The primary outcome was the slope of the middle ear pressure\u2010time function for the experimental period, which estimates the volume N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O exchange rate. Using repeated measures analysis of variance, the effects of group (disease history), treatment (active vs. placebo), and period (1 vs. 2) on the recorded vital signs, and of group, treatment, and ear (left\/right) on the middle ear pressure\u2010time slope were evaluated for statistical significance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Statistically significant effects of period on O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> saturation (period 2\u2009&gt;\u2009period 1) and of treatment on heart rate (active\u2009&gt;\u2009placebo) were documented. Only treatment was statistically significant for the middle ear pressure\u2010time slope, with a shallower slope characterizing the active treatment session.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The volume exchange rate across the middle ear mucosa of perfusion\u2010limited gases can be modulated pharmacologically. Theoretically, similar drugs can be used to reduce the requisite eustachian tube opening efficiency for adequate middle ear pressure regulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>1b <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 125:2181\u20132186, 2015<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,7]],"date-time":"2015-07-07T18:33:20Z","timestamp":1436294000000},"page":"2181-2186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Oral pseudoephedrine decreases the rate of transmucosal nitrous oxide exchange for the middle ear"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Miriam S.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cuneyt M.","family":"Alper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian S.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Dentistry University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Department of Dentistry Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brendan M. 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