{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T13:51:01Z","timestamp":1777470661356,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,24]],"date-time":"2015-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["#R01DC010884"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#R01DC010884"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Following acute injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) is increasingly being used to determine prognosis for recovery. The LEMG findings change during the recovery process, but the timing of these changes is not well described. In this canine study, LEMGs were obtained serially following model RLN injuries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Animal Study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010six canine RLNs underwent crush (n\u2009=\u20096), complete transection with reanastomosis (n\u2009=\u20096), half\u2010transection half\u2010crush (n\u2009=\u20095), cautery (n\u2009=\u20095), stretch (n\u2009=\u20095), inferior crush (n\u2009=\u20094), or inferior transection with reanastomosis (n\u2009=\u20095) injuries. Injuries were performed 5 cm from cricoid or were 5 cm further inferior. Under light sedation, LEMG of thyroarytenoid muscles was performed monthly for 6 months following injury. At 6 months, spontaneous and induced vocal fold motion was assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Except for the stretch injury, the remaining groups showed very similar recovery patterns. Fibrillation potentials (FPs) and\/or positive sharp waves (PSWs; signs of bad prognosis) were seen in all cases at 1 month and lasted on average for 2.26 months (range\u2009=\u20091\u20134 months). Motor unit potentials of at least 2+ (scale\u2009=\u20090\u20134+; signs of good prognosis) were seen beginning at 3.61 months (range\u2009=\u20092\u20136 months). The stretch injury was less severe, with 3 of 5 showing no FPs\/PSWs at 1 month; all recovered full mobility. Ten of the 36 thyroarytenoid muscles (27.8%) had 1 electromyograph showing both bad prognosis and good prognosis signs simultaneously at 2 to 4 months postinjury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>LEMG can be used to predict RNL recovery, but timing is important and LEMG results earlier than 3 months may overestimate a negative prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 126:651\u2013656, 2016<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,24]],"date-time":"2015-11-24T14:06:38Z","timestamp":1448373998000},"page":"651-656","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Recurrent laryngeal nerve recovery patterns assessed by serial electromyography"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Randal C.","family":"Paniello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea M.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neel K.","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Al\u2010Lozi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri U.S.A"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200104001-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22354"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10503"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"Electromyography and Neuromuscular Disorders","author":"Preston DC","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21884"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24951"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200105000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489414566182"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199107000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814531733"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-59989870318-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2012.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2010.10.015"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flary.25487","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.25487","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T10:17:42Z","timestamp":1695723462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.25487"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,24]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.25487"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.25487","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,24]]}}}