{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:21:38Z","timestamp":1760217698264},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,30]],"date-time":"2015-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung)","award":["01EZ0335"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01EZ0335"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electrical stimulation of posterior cricoarytenoid muscle offers a physiological approach to retain the function of the paralyzed larynx muscle after paralysis. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a durable, biocompatible, and atraumatic array electrode for inclusion in a larynx pacemaker. In addition to developing the electrode array, an evaluation methodology using in vivo multichannel electromyography was assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>In vivo test procedures for material evaluation: an animal model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over the research period, 42 array electrodes representing nine different prototypes were implanted in the triceps brachii muscle of 21 rats. Biocompatibility and atraumatic functions were evaluated via observation. Electrode function and durability were determined by comparison of daily electromyographic measurements of the muscle activity of the front leg (triceps brachii muscle) during locomotion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The used animal model demonstrated electrode material problems that could not be material evaluation from in vitro tests alone. Through use of this in vivo method, it was found that an array tip that is durable, biocompatible, and atraumatic should consist of many small electrode plates cast in flexible silicone. The connecting wires to the individual electrode plates should be Litz wire, which consists of multiple strands.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The here demonstrated in vivo test method was a suitable animal model for designing and evaluating electrodes to be further developed for inclusion in human implants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>N\/A. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 126:429\u2013436, 2016<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,30]],"date-time":"2015-07-30T13:51:21Z","timestamp":1438264281000},"page":"429-436","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Development of a novel larynx pacemaker multichannel array electrode: In vivo animal analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Bernd","family":"Faenger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Motor Research, Pathophysiology and Biomechanics, Department for Trauma\u2010, Hand\u2010 and Reconstructive Surgery Jena University Hospital, Jena"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaus P.","family":"Schumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Motor Research, Pathophysiology and Biomechanics, Department for Trauma\u2010, Hand\u2010 and Reconstructive Surgery Jena University Hospital, Jena"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Motor Research, Pathophysiology and Biomechanics, Department for Trauma\u2010, Hand\u2010 and Reconstructive Surgery Jena University Hospital, Jena"},{"name":"Institute of Systematic Zoology and Evolutionary Biology with Phyletic Museum, Friedrich\u2010Schiller\u2010University Jena"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Grassme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Motor Research, Pathophysiology and Biomechanics, Department for Trauma\u2010, Hand\u2010 and Reconstructive Surgery Jena University Hospital, Jena"},{"name":"Berufsgenossenschaft Nahrungsmittel und Gastgewerbe, Gesch\u00e4ftsbereich Pr\u00e4vention Au\u00dfenstelle Erfurt Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orlando","family":"Guntinas\u2010Lichius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Jena University Hospital Jena"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans\u2010Christoph","family":"Scholle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Motor Research, Pathophysiology and Biomechanics, Department for Trauma\u2010, Hand\u2010 and Reconstructive Surgery Jena University Hospital, Jena"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"505","article-title":"Course of recurrent nerve paralysis after thyroid operation","volume":"53","author":"Pimpl W","year":"1982","journal-title":"Chirurg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Chirurgie und angrenzende Gebiete","author":"Pohl P","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016487409126379"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947608500403"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"275","article-title":"Medialization of the paralyzed vocal cord by cartilage chips and \"wing door thyroplasty","volume":"30","author":"Kleinsasser O","year":"1982","journal-title":"HNO"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1985.00800060086013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948909801203"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"377","article-title":"Carbon dioxide laser posterior ventriculocordectomy for treatment of bilateral vocal cord abductor paralysis","volume":"14","author":"Pia F","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199709000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-996924"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016487709128880"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198510000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198804000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200307000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24454"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21065"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940211100605"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012582460-6\/50002-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(00)00170-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210100685"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2006.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1114\/1.1349699"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1114\/1.1581292"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02368219"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flary.25512","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.25512","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T06:45:09Z","timestamp":1695710709000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.25512"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,30]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.25512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.25512","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,30]]}}}