{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T09:17:19Z","timestamp":1773307039746,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,8]],"date-time":"2015-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the feasibility of using a mouse tumor model as a microsurgical training tool for otolaryngology\u2010head and neck surgery (OHNS) trainees.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Animal study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We injected athymic nude mice with human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (A431 cell line) deep to the parotid region overlying the masseter muscle. We sacrificed the animals 1 to 3 weeks postinjection, once a visible tumor growth was confirmed. We then asked 10 OHNS trainees to excise the tumor with preservation of the facial nerves under a high\u2010magnification dissecting microscope. The trainees graded the tasks in several areas of specific measures using a visual analogue scale (VAS) including 1) tumor texture, 2) surgical realism, 3) usefulness, and 4) difficulty of the task.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Noticeable tumor growth occurred within 5 days following A431 cell injection and reached measureable size (0.5\u20131.5 cm) within 1 to 3 weeks. The tumor displaced the facial nerve laterally and medially, with few demonstrating infiltration of the nerve. VAS scores (\u00b1 standard deviation) were 8.1 (\u00b11.7), 7.7 (\u00b12.5), 9.0 (\u00b10.9) and 6.6 (\u00b11.9) for tumor texture, surgical realism, usefulness, and the difficulty of the task, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We demonstrate a novel, reliable and cost\u2010effective mouse model for simulating tumor extirpation microsurgery with preservation of important neural structures. OHNS trainees have found this simulation model to be realistic, useful, and appropriately challenging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 126:E1\u2013E5, 2016<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,8]],"date-time":"2015-08-08T13:36:41Z","timestamp":1439041001000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Novel mouse model for simulating microsurgical tumor excision with facial nerve preservation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Jae H.","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Queensland Skull Base Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glen M.","family":"Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benedict","family":"Panizza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Queensland Skull Base Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.2003.182"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ACM.0000246751.27480.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"909","article-title":"Current trends and future implications in the developing role of clinical skills centres","volume":"35","author":"Dent J","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Teach"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004640000369"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2002.02596.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-005-0384-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giec.2006.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giec.2006.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.3.JNS09513"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000159715.47962.C4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"301","article-title":"Intracranial injectable tumor model: technical advancements","volume":"75","author":"Gragnaniello C","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1267\/ahc.12013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)90884-8"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flary.25545","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flary.25545","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.25545","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T22:33:44Z","timestamp":1696545224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.25545"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,8]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.25545"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.25545","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,8]]}}}