{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T05:47:06Z","timestamp":1782452826014,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]],"date-time":"2015-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Ministry of Education of Greece","award":["General Secretariat for Youth\/no: 4636\/18-12-2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["General Secretariat for Youth\/no: 4636\/18-12-2012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Alternaria<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cladosporium<\/jats:italic> are the most important outdoor moulds. The aim of this study was to present fungal spore monitoring data, investigate the relationship of fungal counts with climate conditions, and to explore the clinical significance of <jats:italic>Alternaria<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cladosporium<\/jats:italic> species monitoring in allergic rhinitis (AR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analytic observational study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 7\u2010day volumetric trap was used to collect circulating <jats:italic>Alternaria<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cladosporium<\/jats:italic> fungi. Sixty\u2010nine AR patients were studied and recorded their symptoms by Total 5 Symptoms Score (T5SS). Sensitization prevalence to fungi species was detected by skin prick tests. Monitoring data were correlated to climate conditions and patients symptoms score.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Alternaria<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cladosporium<\/jats:italic> were detected throughout the calendar year in ranges of 0 to 217 spores\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> and 6.5 to 1,600 spores\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> per day, respectively. Highest daily concentrations of both fungi were detected during the summer (73.9 \u00b1 34.4 spores\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> for <jats:italic>Alternaria<\/jats:italic> and 595.8 \u00b1 288.0 spores\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> for <jats:italic>Cladosporium<\/jats:italic>) and lowest during the winter (2.4 \u00b1 3.0 spores\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> for <jats:italic>Alternaria<\/jats:italic> and 24.3 \u00b1 15.7 spores\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> for <jats:italic>Cladosporium<\/jats:italic>). Both were positively correlated to mean daily temperature and negatively to relative humidity (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Clinically, a strong significant correlation between T5SS and airborne fungi levels, both for <jats:italic>Alternaria<\/jats:italic> (r = 0.822, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) and <jats:italic>Cladosporium<\/jats:italic> (r = 0.787, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002) species was observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found <jats:italic>Cladosporium<\/jats:italic> to be the most frequently detected airborne mould, whereas <jats:italic>Alternaria<\/jats:italic> was the most prevalent with regard to sensitization rate. Patients' symptoms score was significantly correlated to spore concentrations. Both fungi were clearly affected by climate factors, such as temperature and relative humidity. These findings are important in AR management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>N\/A. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 126:E51\u2013E56, 2016<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]],"date-time":"2015-09-15T13:13:05Z","timestamp":1442322785000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["<scp><i>A<\/i><\/scp><i>lternaria<\/i> and <scp><i>C<\/i><\/scp><i>ladosporium<\/i> calendar of <scp>W<\/scp>estern <scp>T<\/scp>hrace: Relationship with allergic rhinitis symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Katotomichelakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Medical School Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupolis Evros"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Nikolaidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection , Medical School Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupolis Evros"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Makris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Allergy Unit \u201cD. Kalogeromitros,\u201d 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School University of Athens, \u201cAttikon\u201d University Hospital Athens Attika"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efklidis","family":"Proimos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology  Chania General Hospital Chania Crete Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xenophon","family":"Aggelides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Allergy Unit \u201cD. Kalogeromitros,\u201d 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School University of Athens, \u201cAttikon\u201d University Hospital Athens Attika"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodoros C.","family":"Constantinidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection , Medical School Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupolis Evros"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chariton E.","family":"Papadakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology  Chania General Hospital Chania Crete Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vassilios","family":"Danielides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Medical School Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupolis Evros"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60130-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12456"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2010.02423.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-009-0261-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-004-0229-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12419"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"309","article-title":"Annual variation of fungal spores in atmosphere of Porto: 2003","volume":"12","author":"Oliveira M","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-012-0550-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"47 annual records of allergenic fungi spore: predictive models from the NW Iberian Peninsula","volume":"15","author":"Aira MJ","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"357","article-title":"Seasonal distribution of Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium and Penicillium species isolated in homes of fungal allergic patientes","volume":"16","author":"Ana S","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Investig Alllergol Clin Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2006.27.2918"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.2.161"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-011-0509-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"353","article-title":"Sensitization to Alternaria and Cladosporium in asthmatic patients and it's in vitro diagnostic confirmation","volume":"8","author":"Resano A","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Invest Allerg Clin"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Meteorological and agricultural effects on airborne Alternaria and Cladosporium spores and clinical aspects in Valladolid (Spain)","volume":"16","author":"Reyes ES","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.113669"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2011.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"154","article-title":"Correlation between Alt a 1 levels and clinical symptoms in Alternaria alternata\u2010monosensitized patients","volume":"22","author":"Feo Brito F","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2006.27.2918"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"225","article-title":"Allergenic fungi spore records (15 years) and sensitization in patients with respiratory allergy in Thessaloniki\u2010Greece","volume":"14","author":"Gioulekas D","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2003.00244.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","unstructured":"Burkard Scientific Ltd. Uxbridge UK. Available at:http:\/\/www.burkardscientific.co.uk. Accessed August 24 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(89)90167-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","volume-title":"Airborne Pollens and Spores: A Guide to Trapping and Counting","author":"British Aerobiological Federation","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000332924"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00138707"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1989.tb02707.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2009.02089.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00173138909431010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-007-9939-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004840050048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02446602"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Fungal spores in the atmosphere in the city of Oporto and its allergological implications","volume":"15","author":"Oliveira M","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Port Imunoalergol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"[Aerobiological study of Alternaria and Cladosporium conidia in the atmosphere of Almeria (SE Spain)]. [Article in Spanish]","volume":"21","author":"Sabariego S","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev Iberoam Micol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02272913"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flary.25594","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.25594","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T06:44:34Z","timestamp":1695710674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.25594"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.25594"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.25594","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]]}}}