{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:04:26Z","timestamp":1790726666976,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,23]],"date-time":"2016-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Handok, Inc."},{"name":"Hallym University Research Fund 2014","award":["HURF-2014-41"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HURF-2014-41"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by a dysfunctional host\u2010environment interaction at the nasal mucosa. Contributions of host susceptibility factors such as atopy and aspirin sensitivity to CRS pathophysiology are well established. However, clinical studies on the effects of environmental factors are limited. This study investigates the histological and immunological effects of allergen exposure duration in animal models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Animal study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A murine model for CRS with nasal polypoid lesions was induced by instilling ovalbumin\/staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) into murine nasal cavities for 12 (short term) or 24 weeks (long term). Histopathological changes were observed. Interleukin (IL)\u20104, IL\u201017A, IL\u201010, and interferon (INF)\u2010\u03b3 levels from nasal lavage fluid were measured using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. Gene expressions of IL\u201025, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL\u20104, IL\u20105, INF\u2010\u03b3, C\u2010C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)\u201011, CCL\u201024, C\u2010X\u2010C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)\u20101, CXCL\u20102, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)\u20107, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)\u20103 were analyzed from the nasal mucosa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Long\u2010term CRS models exhibited increased polypoid lesions, edematous mucosal thickness, and eosinophil infiltration compared with short\u2010term models and showed a higher IL\u201010 level but lower IFN\u2010\u03b3 and IL\u201017A protein levels. Moreover, CCL\u201024 and MMP\u20107 gene expressions increased whereas TIMP\u20103 expression decreased in long\u2010term models compared to controls and short\u2010term models. IL\u201025 and TSLP expressions were upregulated at mRNA and protein levels in short\u2010term and long\u2010term CRS models, respectively. Furthermore, TSLP mRNA expression was positively associated with IL\u20105 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.8754) and inversely correlated to IFN\u2010\u03b3 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.7212) in CRS models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prolonged allergen exposure in ovalbumin\/SEB\u2010induced CRS models maintains Th2 inflammation and reduces Th1 inflammation, which was associated with upregulation of TSLP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 126:E265\u2013E272, 2016<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,23]],"date-time":"2016-04-23T14:29:25Z","timestamp":1461421765000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Prolonged allergen exposure is associated with increased thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression and Th2\u2010skewing in mouse models of chronic rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Dae Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoung Mi","family":"Eun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong Ryul","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong H.","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy\u2013Immunology Department of Internal Medicine University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine Tampa Florida U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong\u2010Kyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital and Nano\u2010Bio Regenerative Medical Institute Hallym University College of Medicine Chuncheon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino12.000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"173","article-title":"Clinical factors influencing the eosinophil infiltration of nasal polyps","volume":"40","author":"Jankowski 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