{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T12:57:34Z","timestamp":1789649854654,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]],"date-time":"2016-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006093","name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1409-22214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1409-22214"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)"},{"name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH) award"},{"name":"National Cancer Institute\/NIH Cancer Center Support Grant","award":["2P30 CA068485-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2P30 CA068485-14"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) is an unexplained obstruction involving the lower laryngeal and upper tracheal airway. Persistent mucosal inflammation is a hallmark of the disease. Epithelial microbiota dysbiosis is found in other chronic inflammatory mucosal diseases; however, the relationship between tracheal microbiota composition and iSGS is unknown.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Given the critical role for host defense at mucosal barriers, we analyzed tissue specimens from iSGS patients for the presence of microbial pathogens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Utilizing 30 human iSGS, 20 intubation\u2010related tracheal stenosis (iLTS), and 20 healthy control specimens, we applied molecular, immunohistochemical, electron microscopic, immunologic, and Sanger\u2010sequencing techniques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>With unbiased culture\u2010independent nucleic acid, protein, and immunologic approaches, we demonstrate that <jats:italic>Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic> species are uniquely associated with iSGS. Phylogenetic analysis of the mycobacterial virulence factor rpoB suggests that, rather than <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis,<\/jats:italic> a variant member of the <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> complex or a closely related novel mycobacterium is present in iSGS specimens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These studies identify a novel pathogenic role for established large airway bacteria and provide new targets for future therapeutic intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 127:179\u2013185, 2017<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]],"date-time":"2016-06-14T09:50:57Z","timestamp":1465897857000},"page":"179-185","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Molecular analysis of idiopathic subglottic stenosis for <i>Mycobacterium<\/i> species"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Gelbard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas\u2010George","family":"Katsantonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanobu","family":"Mizuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn","family":"Newcomb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Rotsinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Disease Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Rousseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James J.","family":"Daniero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Virginia Health System Charlottesville Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric S.","family":"Edell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale C.","family":"Ekbom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan L.","family":"Kasperbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander T.","family":"Hillel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Johns Hopkins Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine New York University School of Medicine New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Gaelyn","family":"Garrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Netterville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher T.","family":"Wootten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David O.","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Stratton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy L.","family":"McGregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Medical Genetics Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Gaddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Disease Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare Services Nashville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy S.","family":"Blackwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare Services Nashville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wonder P.","family":"Drake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Disease Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25708"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181648d4a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.05.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24641"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"1402","article-title":"Idiopathic subglottic stenosis","volume":"76","author":"Brandenburg JH","year":"1972","journal-title":"Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200907-067DP"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(00)90066-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"241","article-title":"Bronchial epithelial cell\u2010cytokine interactions in airway inflammation","volume":"43","author":"Levine SJ","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Investig Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200903-0322OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003783"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00382.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008578"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016384"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004458"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcp.0000239554.01068.94"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0706625104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512283332603"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515635"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00129\u201010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1177486"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","article-title":"Idiopathic subglottic stenosis is associated with activation of the inflammatory IL\u201017A\/IL23 axis","author":"A Gelbard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23949"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-4-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033865"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2011.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0811.020318"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202071"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00732-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181a037ac"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.4.773"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03510.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.7.4662"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir460"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(93)90406-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199012063232301"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199207303270501"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8235615"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1085952"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030781"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040429"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","volume-title":"Bacteriology of the Mycobacterioses","author":"David HL","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.5.1097-1100.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2005.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198909283211304"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/338625"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI4950"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021769"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e3181fdd832"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.05.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2013(06)07"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60125-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1503824"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flary.26097","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flary.26097","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.26097","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/lary.26097","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.26097","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T08:42:11Z","timestamp":1692434531000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.26097"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.26097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.26097","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]]}}}