{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T12:57:29Z","timestamp":1789649849628,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]],"date-time":"2016-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006093","name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1409-22214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1409-22214"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Cancer Institute\/NIH Cancer Center Support Grant","award":["2P30 CA068485 14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2P30 CA068485 14"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) is a rare and devastating extrathoracic obstruction involving the lower laryngeal and upper tracheal airway. It arises without known antecedent injury or associated disease process. Persistent mucosal inflammation and a localized fibrotic response are hallmarks of the disease. Despite the initial clinical description of iSGS more than 40 year ago, there have been no substantive investigations into the pathogenesis of this enigmatic and progressive airway obstruction. In these studies, we present the initial characterization of the molecular pathogenesis underlying the fibrosing phenotype of iSGS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Utilizing 20 human iSGS and healthy control specimens, we applied histologic, immunohistochemical, molecular, and immunologic techniques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We demonstrate significant activation of the canonical IL\u201023\/IL\u201017A pathway in the tracheal mucosa of iSGS patients, as well as identify \u03b3\u03b4 T cells as the primary cellular source of IL\u201017A.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that aberrant mucosal immune activation is a component in of the pathogenesis of iSGS. Most critically, our work offers new targets for future therapeutic intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 126:E356\u2013E361, 2016<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]],"date-time":"2016-06-14T09:49:24Z","timestamp":1465897764000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Idiopathic subglottic stenosis is associated with activation of the inflammatory IL\u201017A\/IL\u201023 axis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Gelbard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas\u2010George","family":"Katsantonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanobu","family":"Mizuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn","family":"Newcomb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Rotsinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Disease Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Rousseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James J.","family":"Daniero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Virginia Health System Charlottesville Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric S.","family":"Edell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary &amp; Critical Care Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale C.","family":"Ekbom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan L.","family":"Kasperbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander T.","family":"Hillel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Johns Hopkins Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine New York University School of Medicine New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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