{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T14:53:54Z","timestamp":1770908034193,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]],"date-time":"2016-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Determine the national incidence and disparities for common pediatric otolaryngologic conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional analysis of a nationally representative database.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The National Health Interview Survey (2012) was analyzed, extracting children with frequent ear infections (FEI), nonstreptococcal sore throat (NSST), streptococcal pharyngitis (SP), hay fever, and sinusitis. Demographic data including age, sex, race, Hispanic ethnicity, geographic region, poverty level, and insurance status were extracted. The annual incidences of these conditions were determined. Disparities in the incidence of each condition was determined according to race and ethnicity, adjusting for other demographic variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 73.3 million children (average age, 8.6 years; 51.1% male), the incidences were: FEI (4.0 million, 5.5% of children), NSST (11.9 million, 20.6% of children), SP (8.0 million, 13.8% of children), hay fever (6.6 million, 9.0% of children), and sinusitis (4.5 million, 7.9% of children). Black and Hispanic children were less likely to be diagnosed with FEI than white children (odds ratio: 0.503 [95% confidence interval: 0.369\u20100.686] and odds ratio: 0.661 [95% confidence interval: 0.515\u20100.848]), adjusting for all other demographic variables. Black and Hispanic children were also less likely to be diagnosed with SP than white children (odds ratio: 0.433 [95% confidence interval: 0.342\u20100.547] and odds ratio: 0.487 [95% confidence interval: 0.401\u20100.592], respectively). Similar decreased odds ratios for black and Hispanic children were evident for hay fever (odds ratio: 0.704 [95% confidence interval: 0.556\u20100.890] and odds ratio: 0.708 [95% confidence interval: 0.565\u20100.888], respectively) and for sinusitis (odds ratio: 0.701 [95% confidence interval: 0.543\u20100.905] and odds ratio: 0.596 [95% confidence interval:0.459\u20100.773], respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Black and Hispanic children are consistently less likely to be identified or diagnosed with FEI, hay fever, SP, and sinusitis compared to white children. These data likely highlight a significant health care disparity according to race\/ethnicity in otolaryngology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>2b <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 127:746\u2013752, 2017<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]],"date-time":"2016-09-07T14:17:22Z","timestamp":1473257842000},"page":"746-752","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Pediatric otolaryngologic conditions: Racial and socioeconomic disparities in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Sophie","family":"Shay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery University of California\u2013Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine Los Angeles California U.S.A"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina L.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery University of California\u2013Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine Los Angeles California U.S.A"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Bhattacharyya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otology and Laryngology Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts U.S.A"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"Secretary's Advisory Committee on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives for 2020.Healthy people 2020: an opportunity to address the societal determinants of health in the United States. 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