{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:03:19Z","timestamp":1790208199726,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]],"date-time":"2016-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Transplant Center"},{"name":"Division of Urology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of exogenous materials as scaffolds in cartilage tissue engineering has limited the clinical application of resultant constructs due to the risk of postoperative complications. In an effort to minimize such complications, we aim to generate human, scaffold\u2010free auricular cartilaginous constructs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Laboratory study using pediatric auricular cartilage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Remnant, normal pediatric auricular cartilage samples that would have otherwise been discarded were collected and digested to free cells. Harvested cells were cultured and expanded in vitro for two passages and plated as micromass cultures. The culture medium was replaced with a chemically defined chondrogenic medium, and cellular monolayers surrounding micromass cultures were continuously scraped off. Constructs were allowed to mature for a period of 8 weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Micromass constructs showed mechanical stability and structurally resembled native auricular tissue, with a perichondrium\u2010like layer of cells surrounding the inner cartilaginous zone. Constructs accumulated equivalent sulphated glycosaminoglycan and 50% of collagen content compared to native auricular cartilage by mass, while displaying 156% more cellularity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>High\u2010density micromass cultures of pediatric auricular chondrocytes can generate stable cartilaginous constructs following prolonged chondrogenic inductions in vitro. This technique is an essential step toward the development of three\u2010dimensional constructs to recreate clinically applicable auricular cartilaginous constructs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 127:E153\u2013E158, 2017<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]],"date-time":"2016-11-21T06:53:03Z","timestamp":1479711183000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Bioengineering pediatric scaffold\u2010free auricular cartilaginous constructs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Pedram","family":"Akbari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen D.","family":"Waldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon L.","family":"Cushing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blake C.","family":"Papsin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan J.","family":"Propst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna F.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herman","family":"Yeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walid A.","family":"Farhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario 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