{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:17:18Z","timestamp":1793121438689,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,19]],"date-time":"2017-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DC011130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DC011130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 DC009401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 DC009401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 GM007507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 GM007507"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to use three\u2010dimensional (3D) high\u2010resolution manometry to identify circumferential pressure patterns generated within the asymmetrical base\u2010of\u2010tongue and hypopharynx regions of the pharynx during deglutition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case series.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Radial pressures in the regions of interest were evaluated during swallowing events in 12 healthy subjects using 3D high\u2010resolution manometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed asymmetrical pharyngeal clearance pressures in the base\u2010of\u2010tongue and hypopharynx regions during swallowing. A significant main effect of direction on pressure was found at the time point of average maximum pressure (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and for pressure integral (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), with pressure primarily generated from the posterior direction. An interaction was noted between direction and location when comparing maximum directional pressures, regardless of time (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =0.045), highlighting the differences in anterior pressure production between regions. In contrast to the high posterior pressures produced in the base\u2010of\u2010tongue region, an anteroposterior dominant pressure pattern was observed in the hypopharynx. Pressure waveform complexity in the hypopharynx also is likely attributed to activity in the anterior and posterior directions. Symmetrical pressure generation was observed during intrabolus flow within the hypopharynx.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study shows that pressure is asymmetrically generated in the base\u2010of\u2010tongue and hypopharynx regions during swallowing of a 10\u2010mL bolus, reflecting the complex anatomy within the pharynx. Understanding of these complex pressure patterns aids in the interpretation of high\u2010resolution manometry and can help guide further study in the clinical assessment and treatment of pharyngeal pathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>4. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 127:1989\u20131995, 2017<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,19]],"date-time":"2017-02-19T07:46:47Z","timestamp":1487490407000},"page":"1989-1995","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Pharyngeal swallowing pressures in the base\u2010of\u2010tongue and hypopharynx regions identified with three\u2010dimensional manometry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Sarah P.","family":"Rosen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinne A.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin U.S.A."},{"name":"Neuroscience Training Program University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy M.","family":"McCulloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin 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