{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T05:17:16Z","timestamp":1784697436690,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]],"date-time":"2017-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DC012067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DC012067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate if molecular markers of eosinophilia in olfactory\u2010enriched mucosa are associated with olfactory dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional study of tissue biopsies from 99 patients, and an additional 30 patients who underwent prospective olfactory testing prior to sinonasal procedures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tissue biopsies were processed for analysis of inflammatory markers using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT\u2010PCR). Ipsilateral olfactory performance was assessed using the Sniffin' Sticks (Burghart, Wedel, Germany) threshold component and the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (Sensonics, Haddon Heights, NJ). Age\u2010adjusted data was correlated with inflammatory marker expression and clinical measures of obstruction from computed tomography and endoscopy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gene expression of the eosinophil marker CLC (Charcot Leyden crystal protein) was elevated in superior turbinate (ST) tissue in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) compared to ST and inferior turbinate tissue in CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and control patients (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, respectively). CLC in ST tissue was correlated with IL\u20105 and eotaxin\u20101 expression (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.65, and 0.49, respectively). CLC expression was strongly correlated with eosinophilic cationic protein levels (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001; <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.76), and ST CLC expression was inversely related to olfactory threshold (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.57) and discrimination scores (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.05, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.42). In multiple linear regression of CLC gene expression, polyp status, and radiographic and endoscopic findings with olfactory threshold, CLC was the only significantly correlated variable (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Markers of eosinophils are elevated in the ST of patients with CRSwNP and correlate with olfactory loss. These findings support the hypothesis that olfactory dysfunction in CRS correlates local eosinophil influx into the olfactory cleft.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 127:2210\u20132218, 2017<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,22]],"date-time":"2017-03-22T04:32:00Z","timestamp":1490157120000},"page":"2210-2218","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Superior turbinate eosinophilia correlates with olfactory deficit in chronic rhinosinusitis patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Lavin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck SurgeryDivision of Pediatric Otolaryngology Ann &amp; Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin\u2010Young","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck SurgeryDivision of Pediatric Otolaryngology Ann &amp; Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alcina K.","family":"Lidder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia He","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck SurgeryDivision of Pediatric Otolaryngology Ann &amp; Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kent","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk Virginia U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Meen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan S.","family":"Chmiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine\u2010Biostatistics Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahboobeh","family":"Mahdavinia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology Rush Medical College Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn E.","family":"Hulse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Conley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck SurgeryDivision of Pediatric Otolaryngology Ann &amp; Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh K.","family":"Chandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt School of Medicine Nashville Tennessee U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Shintani\u2010Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck SurgeryDivision of Pediatric Otolaryngology Ann &amp; Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Kern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck SurgeryDivision of Pediatric Otolaryngology Ann &amp; Robert H. 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