{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T13:20:17Z","timestamp":1791724817776,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]],"date-time":"2017-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence of Bell's palsy (BP) is elevated in the late phases of pregnancy. Controversy exists as to whether pregnancy is a risk factor for worse outcomes in BP, and whether such outcomes are the result of factors intrinsic to pregnancy or the tendency to withhold medical therapy in this cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long\u2010term facial function outcomes in cases of pregnancy\u2010associated BP (PABP) were compared against outcomes in cases affecting nonpregnant adult women of child\u2010bearing age by a blinded expert using the electronic clinician\u2010graded facial function scale (eFACE) facial grading system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty\u2010one pregnancy\u2010associated cases and 58 nonpregnancy\u2010associated cases were included. Among patients who received early corticosteroid therapy, significantly worse static, synkinesis, and composite facial function eFACE scores were demonstrated among cases of PABP compared to nonpregnancy\u2010associated cases (static median = 86 vs. 92.5,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005; synkinesis median = 79 vs. 86,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.007; composite median = 78 vs. 84,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.023). Among those not treated with corticosteroids, significantly worse dynamic and composite facial function eFACE scores were demonstrated in cases of PABP compared to those for nonpregnancy\u2010associated cases (dynamic median = 74 vs. 92.5,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.038; composite median = 73 vs. 86.5,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.038). A trend toward improved outcomes was demonstrated within both groups for those treated with corticosteroids compared to those who were not.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In comparison to cases unrelated to pregnancy, late\u2010term PABP is associated with worse long\u2010term outcomes to a degree that cannot solely be explained by differences in medical therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      4.\n                      <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 127:2854\u20132859, 2017\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]],"date-time":"2017-03-27T22:38:57Z","timestamp":1490654337000},"page":"2854-2859","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Onset of bell's palsy in late pregnancy and early puerperium is associated with worse long\u2010term outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Katie M.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Heiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Gaudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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