{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:27:07Z","timestamp":1762522027084,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]],"date-time":"2017-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Liver disease (LD) often results in coagulation abnormalities that may predispose to more severe epistaxis. The purpose of this analysis was to examine characteristics of patients hospitalized for epistaxis with LD and explore the impact of LD on patient outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 2002 to 2013 National Inpatient Sample was queried for cases with a primary diagnosis of epistaxis. Cases with additional codes meeting the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's definition of LD were identified and compared to the non\u2010LD cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Out of 39,879 cases meeting inclusion criteria, 3.6% had LD. LD was associated with younger age (55.7 years vs. 67.5 years; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), longer hospital stay (3.9 days vs. 3.2 days; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), and greater hospital charges ($26,141 vs. $18,200; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) compared to the non\u2010LD cohort. LD patients had higher rates of alcohol abuse, coagulopathy, chronic blood loss anemia, and renal failure. LD patients also had higher rates of sepsis, urinary\/renal complications, respiratory failure, and infectious pneumonia. LD was associated with decreased rates of aggressive management (defined as ligation or embolization) (6.6%\u20139.0%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.002) and anterior or posterior nasal packing. In our multivariate logistic regression model correcting for age, gender, race, and significant comorbidities, LD was associated with 1.520 (1.336\u20131.729; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) greater odds of transfusion and 2.264 (1.372\u20133.736; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) greater odds of in\u2010hospital mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among patients hospitalized for epistaxis, LD resulted in greater morbidity and mortality. Clinicians should be aware of the particular risk that LD bears on the hospitalized epistaxis patient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>2C. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 127:2691\u20132697, 2017<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]],"date-time":"2017-05-29T09:03:15Z","timestamp":1496048595000},"page":"2691-2697","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of liver disease on outcomes of patients hospitalized for epistaxis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Omar M.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark New Jersey U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aparna","family":"Govindan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark New Jersey U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrey","family":"Filimonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark New Jersey U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Sylvester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark New Jersey U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Zaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark New Jersey 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