{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:27:22Z","timestamp":1791836842964,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,9]],"date-time":"2017-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Idiopathic subglottic stenosis predominantly affects fertile and perimenopausal women. Estrogens and\/or progesterone have been proposed as mediators of its pathogenesis by stimulating collagen deposition within the upper airway. We evaluated the presence and expression of estrogen\u2010alpha (ER\u2010\u03b1), estrogen\u2010beta (ER\u2010\u03b2), and progesterone receptors (PR) in idiopathic stenotic patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective analysis on 42 surgical specimens from idiopathic stenosis female patients (mean age, 52.4; age range, 31\u201379) and 28 gender\u2010 and age\u2010matched controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immunoreactivity of ER\u2010\u03b1, ER\u2010\u03b2, and PR was calculated as the product of intensity (1\u2009=\u2009weak, 2\u2009=\u2009moderate, 3\u2009=\u2009strong) and positive cell percentage (1\u20134, for\u2009&lt;\u200910\/10\u201350\/50\u201380\/\u2009&gt;\u200980%). This score was calculated on the stenotic and peristenotic tissues. Influence of menopausal status on hormonal expression and stenotic grade was tested.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stenosis showed ER\u2010\u03b1 overexpression versus peristenotic tissue and controls (score 6.6\u2009\u00b1\u20094.4, 0.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5, and 2.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5, respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Overexpression was even more marked for progesterone receptors (score 8.3\u2009\u00b1\u20093.6, 0.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6, and 1.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7, respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). There was no expression of ER\u2010\u03b2 in stenosis (score 0), whereas it was normally expressed in peristenotic tissue and controls (score 0.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5 and 0.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 vs. stenosis). Expression of ER\u2010\u03b1 was higher in postmenopausal stenotic patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). This subgroup included a higher proportion of Cotton\u2010Myer grade III stenosis than in premenopausal subjects (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>An imbalance between ER\u2010\u03b1, ER\u2010\u03b2, and PR is present in idiopathic stenosis patients. The hormonal background may be involved in inappropriate inflammation and increased stenosis susceptibility. Menopausal changes seem to play a role in both stenosis grade and receptor patterns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 128:E72\u2013E77, 2018<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,9]],"date-time":"2017-10-09T09:12:56Z","timestamp":1507540376000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Hormone receptors analysis in idiopathic progressive subglottic stenosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8214-933X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivana","family":"Fiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Katharinenhospital Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeid","family":"Bittar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Pathology Katharinenhospital Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2391-9357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesare","family":"Piazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Constantin","family":"Koelmel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Katharinenhospital Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Gatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit (DiMI), Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, IRCCS AOU San Martino\u2010IST, University of Genoa Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Ferone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Genoa Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Fiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Radiology, Uni\u2010Klinikum Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Di Dio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Katharinenhospital Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Bosse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Pathology Katharinenhospital Stuttgart 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