{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:48:55Z","timestamp":1786978135743,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]],"date-time":"2017-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01HL103764\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01HL103764\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL105215\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL105215\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previously, we proposed long\u2010range optical coherence tomography (LR\u2010OCT) to be an effective method for the quantitative evaluation of the nasal valve geometry. Here, the objective was to quantify the reduction in the internal nasal valve angle and cross\u2010sectional area that results in subjective nasal airway obstruction and to evaluate the dynamic behavior of the valve during respiration using LR\u2010OCT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For 16 healthy individuals, LR\u2010OCT was performed in each naris during: 1) normal respiration, 2) peak forced inspiration, 3) lateral nasal wall depression (to the onset of obstructive symptoms), and 4) after application of a topical decongestant. The angle and the cross\u2010sectional area of the valve were measured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A reduction of the valve angle from 18.3\u00b0 to 14.1\u00b0 (11\u00b0 in Caucasians and 17\u00b0 in Asians) and a decrease of the cross\u2010sectional area from 0.65 cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      to 0.55 cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      led to subjective nasal obstruction. Forceful breathing did not significantly change the internal nasal valve area in healthy individuals. Application of nasal decongestant resulted in increased values.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LR\u2010OCT proved to be a fast and readily performed method for the evaluation of the dynamic behavior of the nasal valve. The values of the angle and the cross\u2010sectional area of the valve were reproducible, and changes in size could be accurately delineated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      2b.\n                      <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 128:E105\u2013E110, 2018\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]],"date-time":"2017-10-17T07:28:42Z","timestamp":1508225322000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["In vivo imaging of the internal nasal valve during different conditions using optical coherence tomography"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1258-6964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna S.","family":"Englhard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Wiedmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California, Irvine Orange California U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8451-6498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georg J.","family":"Ledderose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Lemieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute University of California, Irvine Orange California U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Badran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute University of California, Irvine Orange California U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph C.","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California, Irvine Orange California U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California, Irvine Orange California U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"Volgger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian J. 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