{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T23:19:50Z","timestamp":1771629590438,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,11]],"date-time":"2017-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pneumococcal infection caused by <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> is a major upper respiratory tract disease that causes severe illness and mortality. Therefore, it is important to develop safe and effective vaccines to prevent pneumococcal infections. The goal of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of transcutaneous immunization (TCI) for induction of pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) responses in the upper respiratory tract.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>C57BL\/6 mice were transcutaneously immunized with 1 \u03bcg of PspA and 2 \u03bcg of cholera toxin (CT) six times at weekly intervals and compared with transcutaneously treated controls (PBS alone\/PspA alone\/CT alone). Two weeks after the final immunization, nasal washes (NWs), saliva, and plasma samples were collected and subjected to a PspA\u2010specific ELISA. Three weeks after the final immunization, mice were challenged with <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> strain EF3030, and the numbers of CFUs in NWs and nasal passages (NPs) were determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher levels of PspA\u2010specific IgM, IgG, and IgA Abs were noted in plasma of TCI with PspA plus CT compared with controls. Transcutaneous immunization mice also had significantly increased PspA\u2010specific S\u2010IgA Ab responses in NWs and saliva and, importantly, showed significantly lower numbers of bacteria CFUs in NWs and NPs compared with controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results show that TCI with PspA plus CT induces antigen\u2010specific mucosal and systemic immune responses. This suggests that this method is an effective mucosal immunization strategy for induction of protective pneumococcal\u2010specific Ab responses in blockade of <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> colonization of the nasal cavity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 128:E91\u2013E96, 2018<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,11]],"date-time":"2017-12-11T06:45:05Z","timestamp":1512974705000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Transcutaneous immunization with pneumococcal surface protein A in mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9080-7259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiromi","family":"Nagano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunobiology, Vaccine Center, Institute of Oral Health Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham 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