{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:53:22Z","timestamp":1785426802658,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03 DC013651\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03 DC013651\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3R01\u2010DC005805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3R01\u2010DC005805"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The goals of this study were to assess retronasal olfaction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and describe clinical factors that influence retronasal olfaction. This study sought to investigate the influence of retronasal olfaction on patient\u2010perceived outcomes and examine the relationship between retronasal and orthonasal olfaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retronasal olfactory function was tested using odorized powders in the oral cavity, whereas Sniffin' Sticks test (Burghart Instruments, Wedel, Germany) were used to assess orthonasal function prospectively in 69 adult CRS patients. Endoscopic evaluation of the olfactory cleft was scored using the Olfactory Cleft Endoscopy Scale (OCES). Several quality\u2010of\u2010life (QOL) instruments relating to sinonasal, olfactory, and chemosensory functions were used to assess the interactions between patient\u2010reported outcome measures and retronasal olfaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was strong correlation between retronasal and total orthonasal olfaction scores (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.77, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) as well as retronasal scores with orthonasal subscores. Retronasal scores were worse in patients with nasal polyposis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002), asthma (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04), and aspirin\u2010exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02), whereas OCES was the only independent predictor of retronasal olfaction (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.42, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Significant correlation existed between retronasal olfaction and olfactory\u2010specific QOL and chemosensory smell scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Few studies have examined retronasal olfaction in CRS patients. In this cohort, CRS patients demonstrated deficits in retronasal olfaction, with worse scores in patients with nasal polyposis, asthma, and AERD. Retronasal olfaction scores correlate with degree of inflammation of the olfactory cleft. Retronasal olfaction correlated strongly with orthonasal olfaction and patient\u2010reported smell and taste metrics, although orthonasal olfaction may have a stronger correlation with these metrics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 2437\u20132442, 2018<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]],"date-time":"2018-04-11T01:40:06Z","timestamp":1523410806000},"page":"2437-2442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Retronasal olfaction in chronic rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"Florence","family":"Othieno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodney J.","family":"Schlosser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center Charleston South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina A.","family":"Storck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1296-2648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas R.","family":"Rowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6424-7083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology and Sinus\/Skull Base Surgery Portland Oregon U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4304-595X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary M.","family":"Soler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.118.2.412"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.131.11.977"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200311000-00026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline (update): adult sinusitis","volume":"152","author":"Rosenfeld RM","year":"2015","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"146","article-title":"A test for the screening of taste function","volume":"35","author":"Hummel T","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.128.4.414"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21655"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2006.01155.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23349"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199813000-00015"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flary.27187","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.27187","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/lary.27187","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.27187","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T07:33:27Z","timestamp":1692516807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.27187"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.27187"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.27187","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-12-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-02-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-04-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}