{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T03:36:20Z","timestamp":1771472180041,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,18]],"date-time":"2018-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"General Research Fund, Research Grants Council, Hong Kong SAR","award":["474813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["474813"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ultrasonography is an emerging clinical tool to study the dysfunction of swallowing muscles. This was the first sonographic study to assess the relationship between suprahyoid muscle contraction, hyoid bone displacement, and penetration\u2010aspiration status (PAS) during swallowing in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients treated with radiotherapy (RT). The study also aimed to establish reliability data for the sonographic technique described.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Geniohyoid muscle contraction was quantified using brightness\u2010mode ultrasonography in this study of 40 post\u2010RT NPC patients. A series of physiological parameters and PAS were measured using videofluoroscopy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intra\u2010 and inter\u2010rater agreement values ranged from 0.75 to 0.96 across various sonographic measurements. Percentage increase in the cross\u2010sectional area of the geniohyoid muscle correlated with anterior (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.42, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) but not superior (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.27, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.09) hyoid displacement. Anterior hyoid displacement and pharyngeal constriction ratio were significantly associated with PAS score.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sonographic measurement of suprahyoid muscles provides valuable information on muscle function and is potentially a useful clinical tool in swallowing assessment. Further research is needed to refine the role of this examination in dysphagia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>2b. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 2552\u20132559, 2018<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,18]],"date-time":"2018-04-18T14:28:03Z","timestamp":1524061683000},"page":"2552-2559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Sonographic assessment of swallowing in irradiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3141-5105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dennis T. H.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and Institute of Human Communicative Research Sha Tin Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Speech Therapy Department Prince of Wales Hospital, Hospital Authority Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathy Y. S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and Institute of Human Communicative Research Sha Tin Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anil T.","family":"Ahuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital Sha Tin Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael C. F.","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and Institute of Human Communicative Research Sha Tin Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"Hong Kong Cancer Registry.Nasopharyngeal cancer in 2015. Available at:http:\/\/www3.ha.org.hk\/cancereg\/pdf\/factsheet\/2015\/npc_2015.pdf. 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