{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:23:37Z","timestamp":1760955817750,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]],"date-time":"2018-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DC013626"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DC013626"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current techniques for airway characterization include endoscopic or radiographic measurements that produce static, two\u2010dimensional descriptions. As pathology can be multilevel, irregularly shaped, and dynamic, minimal luminal area (MLA) may not provide the most comprehensive description or diagnostic metric. Our aim was to examine the utilization of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the purpose of defining airway stenosis using an ovine model of tissue\u2010engineered tracheal graft (TETG) implantation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Animal research model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>TETGs were implanted into sheep, and MLA was quantified with imaging and endoscopic measurements. Graft stenosis was managed with endoscopic dilation and stenting when indicated. Geometries of the TETG were reconstructed from three\u2010dimensional fluoroscopic images. CFD simulations were used to calculate peak flow velocity (PFV) and peak wall shear stress (PWSS). These metrics were compared to values derived from a quantitative respiratory symptom score.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Elevated PFV and PWSS derived from CFD modeling correlated with increased respiratory symptoms. Immediate pre\u2010 and postimplantation CFD metrics were similar, and implanted sheep were asymptomatic. Respiratory symptoms improved with stenting, which maintained graft architecture similar to dilation procedures. With stenting, baseline PFV (0.33\u2009m\/s) and PWSS (0.006 Pa) were sustained for the remainder of the study. MLA measurements collected via bronchoscopy were also correlated with respiratory symptoms. PFV and PWSS found via CFD were correlated (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.92 and 0.99, respectively) with respiratory symptoms compared to MLA (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.61).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>CFD is valid for informed interventions based on multilevel, complex airflow and airway characteristics. Furthermore, CFD may be used to evaluate TETG functionality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, E273\u2013E280, 2018<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]],"date-time":"2018-05-14T08:49:55Z","timestamp":1526287795000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Quantification of tissue\u2010engineered trachea performance with computational fluid dynamics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0241-4296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren","family":"Eichaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio"},{"name":"Tissue Engineering and Surgical Research Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8379-2423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nakesha","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Ohio State University Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Pepper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery Loma Linda Children's Hospital Loma Linda California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cameron","family":"Best","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Engineering and Surgical Research Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio"},{"name":"Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekene","family":"Onwuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Ohio State University Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Heuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Engineering and Surgical Research Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Grischkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Breuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Engineering and Surgical Research Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jed","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanofiber Solutions Inc. Hilliard Ohio U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1448-5873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tendy","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio"},{"name":"Tissue Engineering and Surgical Research Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Surgery of the Trachea and Bronchi","year":"2004","author":"Grillo HC","key":"e_1_2_6_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2004.828680"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-13-85"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.11.083"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26504"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2015.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2013.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2014.0160"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2521081958"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","unstructured":"Federation of Animal Science Societies.Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Testing. 3rd ed. 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