{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T15:31:07Z","timestamp":1747150267251,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]],"date-time":"2018-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are currently no established recommendations for the use of perioperative antibiotics (PAs) to prevent surgical site infections (SSIs) for direct microlaryngoscopy (DML). This study examined the incidence of SSI in patients undergoing DML with and without PAs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective, multi\u2010institutional chart review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective, multi\u2010institutional chart review was performed at four tertiary referral academic medical centers. Patients undergoing DML from 2010 to 2017 were identified using <jats:italic>Current Procedural Terminology<\/jats:italic> codes. Medical records of patients undergoing DML with biopsy, microsurgery, laser ablation, or vocal fold injection who had adequate follow\u2010up were reviewed. Procedures with significant cartilage destruction, concurrent open surgery, or esophageal surgery were excluded. Data recorded included age, gender, pacemaker history, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, wound class, indication for surgery, use of laser, complications, emergency room visits, hospitalizations, pain, fever, and postoperative steroid and antibiotic prescriptions. Presence or absence of SSIs was evaluated by a fellowship\u2010trained laryngologist.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 834 patients who met inclusion criteria. Of those, 698 did not receive PAs and 136 received PAs. The median age of patients was 54 years of age in the PA group and 57.5 years of age in the non\u2010PA group, and all cases were recorded as wound class II. Overall, 58% of surgeries involved use of carbon dioxide or potassium\u2010titanyl\u2010phosphate laser. Only one SSI was reported on follow\u2010up in a patient who did receive PAs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>SSIs are exceedingly rare following DML. PA use is not indicated for routine DML.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>4 <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 128:2838\u20132843, 2018<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]],"date-time":"2018-10-16T12:57:21Z","timestamp":1539694641000},"page":"2838-2843","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Are Perioperative Antibiotics Necessary During Direct Microlaryngoscopy?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8811-7021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan","family":"Yetzke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Voice and Swallowing Center, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California, Irvine School of Medicine  Irvine California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6923-3131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Heyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Mayo Clinic Arizona  Phoenix Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Nakra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases University of California Davis  Sacramento California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valeria Silva","family":"Merea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Lott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Mayo Clinic Arizona  Phoenix Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7366-6696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew S.","family":"Clary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Colorado School of Medicine  Aurora Colorado U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Bryson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunil P.","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Voice and Swallowing Center, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California, Irvine School of Medicine  Irvine 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