{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T00:55:03Z","timestamp":1778892903523,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,8]],"date-time":"2018-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 DC013277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 DC013277"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Various animal models have been employed to investigate vocal fold (VF) and phonatory function. However, biomechanical testing techniques to characterize vocal fold structural properties vary and have not compared critical properties across species. We adapted a nondestructive, automated indentation mapping technique to simultaneously quantify VF structural properties (VF cover layer and intact VF) in commonly used species based on the hypothesis that VF biomechanical properties are largely preserved across species.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ex vivo animal model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Canine, leporine, and swine larynges (n\u2009=\u20094 each) were sagittally bisected, measured, and subjected to normal indentation mapping (indentation at 0.3\u2009mm; 1.2\u2009mm\/s) with a 2\u2010mm spherical indenter to quantify normal force along the VF cover layer, structural stiffness, and displacement at 0.8 mN; two\u2010dimensional maps of the free VF edge through the conus elasticus were created for these characterizations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Structural stiffness was 7.79 gf\/mm (0.15\u201374.55) for leporine, 2.48 gf\/mm (0.20\u201341.75) for canine, and 1.45 gf (0.56\u20134.56) for swine. For each species, the lowest values were along the free VF edge (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard deviation; leporine: 0.40\u2009\u00b1\u20090.21 gf\/mm, canine: 1.14\u2009\u00b1\u20090.49 gf\/mm, swine: 0.89\u2009\u00b1\u20090.28 gf\/mm). Similar results were obtained for the cover layer normal force at 0.3\u2009mm. On the free VF edge, mean (standard deviation) displacement at 0.08 gf was 0.14\u2009mm (0.05) in leporine, 0.11\u2009mm (0.03) in canine, and 0.10\u2009mm (0.02) in swine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Automated indentation mapping yielded reproducible biomechanical property measurement of the VF cover and intact VF. Divergent VF structural properties across canine, swine, and leporine species were observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 129:E26\u2013E31, 2019<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,8]],"date-time":"2018-11-08T19:45:54Z","timestamp":1541706354000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Automated Indentation Mapping of Vocal Fold Structure and Cover Properties Across Species"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Gregory R.","family":"Dion","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"the New York University Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery New York University School of Medicine  New York New York U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Brooke Army Medical Center  Fort Sam Houston Texas U.S.A"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Francois","family":"Lavoie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomomentum Inc  Laval Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Biomaterials, College of Dentistry New York University  New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milan R.","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the New York University Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery New York University School of Medicine  New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1190-9036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan C.","family":"Branski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the New York University Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery New York University School of Medicine  New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2016.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"657","article-title":"Mechanical characterization of vocal fold tissue: a review study","volume":"28","author":"Miri AK","year":"2014","journal-title":"JVoice"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"Characterization of the vocal fold vertical stiffness in a canine model","volume":"28","author":"Oren L","year":"2014","journal-title":"JVoice"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20031"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"406","article-title":"Young's modulus of canine vocal fold cover layers","volume":"28","author":"Chhetri DK","year":"2014","journal-title":"JVoice"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Measurement of Young's modulus of vocal folds by indentation","volume":"25","author":"Chhetri DK","year":"2011","journal-title":"JVoice"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26963"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26410"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23330"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.08.008"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flary.27341","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.27341","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T04:34:54Z","timestamp":1694666094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.27341"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,8]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.27341"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.27341","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-05-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}