{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T18:02:52Z","timestamp":1783015372593,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]],"date-time":"2018-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI16C\u20102207\u2010020017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI16C\u20102207\u2010020017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004085","name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u20102015R1D1A1A09058485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u20102015R1D1A1A09058485"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004085","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aesthetic reconstruction of the external ear is challenging due to the complex anatomical shape of the auricle. Recently, artificial scaffolds such as Medpor (Stryker, Kalamasoo, MI, USA) have become widely used in ear reconstruction. However, the Medpor scaffold is stiffer than the natural ear, which may lead to discomfort, and moreover has uniform design for every patient. In this study, we investigated whether three\u2010dimensional (3D)\u2010printed artificial polyurethane (PU) scaffolds are suitable for auricular reconstruction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PU scaffolds were fabricated using 3D printing according to a design derived from a digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) image of the human auricle. The microstructure of the scaffolds was observed using scanning electron microscopy, and the porosity was examined. Cell proliferation on the scaffolds was assessed in vitro using tonsil\u2010derived mesenchymal stem cells to evaluate the biocompatibility of the scaffolds. The scaffolds were implanted in C57BL\/6 mice, and histological analysis was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The structural study revealed that the 3D\u2010printed porous PU scaffolds have rectangular microstructure with regular pitch and line, as well as high porosity (56.46%\u2009\u00b1\u200910.22%) with a pore diameter of 200\u2009\u00b5m. The mechanical properties of the 3D\u2010printed PU scaffolds were similar to those of the human auricle cartilage. Cell proliferation on the PU scaffolds was greater than that on Medpor scaffolds. Histological evaluation demonstrated that the porous parts of the PU scaffolds became filled with collagen and vascular tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Elastic, porous PU scaffolds can be obtained using 3D printing, have biomechanical properties similar to those of the natural ear, and are suitable for use in auricular reconstruction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 129:351\u2013357, 2019<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]],"date-time":"2018-09-19T12:09:27Z","timestamp":1537358967000},"page":"351-357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Fabrication and characterization of 3<scp>D<\/scp>\u2010printed elastic auricular scaffolds: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Ha Yeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine Ewha Womans University  Seoul"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo Yeon","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine Ewha Womans University  Seoul"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3899-1909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Jung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University  Seoul"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minh\u2010Dung","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Molecular Science and Technology Ajou University Suwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2239-0225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han Su","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine Ewha Womans University  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