{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T01:13:19Z","timestamp":1775524399202,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]],"date-time":"2018-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DC011299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DC011299"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DC011300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DC011300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Laryngeal function requires neuromuscular activation of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles (ILMs). Rapid activation of the ILMs occurs in cough, laughter, and voice\u2010unvoiced\u2010voiced segments in speech and singing. Abnormal activation is observed in hyperfunctional disorders such as vocal tremor and dystonia. In this study, we evaluate the dynamics of ILM contraction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study\/Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Basic science study in an in vivo canine model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The following ILMs were stimulated: thyroarytenoid (TA), lateral cricoarytenoid\/interarytenoid (LCA\/IA), cricothyroid (CT), all laryngeal adductors (LCA\/IA\/TA), and the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA). Neuromuscular stimulation was performed via the respective nerves at current levels needed to achieve maximum vocal fold posture change. Muscle contraction and posture changes were recorded with high speed video (HSV). HSV frames were then analyzed to measure response times required from the onset of muscle contraction to the time the vocal folds achieved maximum posture change.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In all muscles, the onset of posture change occurred within 10 to 12 milliseconds after neuromuscular stimulation. The average times (\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard deviation) to achieve final posture were as follows: TA 34.5\u2009\u00b1\u20096 ms (N\u2009=\u200915), LCA\/IA 55\u2009\u00b1\u200912 ms (N\u2009=\u200914), recurrent laryngeal nerve 43\u2009\u00b1\u20098 ms (N\u2009=\u200918), CT 100.8\u2009\u00b1\u200917 ms (N\u2009=\u200926), and PCA 91.2\u2009\u00b1\u20098 ms (N\u2009=\u20093). Data distribution appeared normal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results showed a difference in muscle activation time between different ILMs consistent with reported differences in muscle fiber composition. These data also provide an estimate of the limits of laryngeal contraction frequency in physiologic and pathologic laryngeal states.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      NA\n                      <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 129:E21\u2013E25, 2019\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]],"date-time":"2018-10-16T08:58:42Z","timestamp":1539680322000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Dynamics of Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscle Contraction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"129","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3973-4023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Vahabzadeh\u2010Hagh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pranati","family":"Pillutla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaoyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dinesh K.","family":"Chhetri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25816"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25480"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000187"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"375","article-title":"Myosin heavy chain isoforms in human laryngeal muscles: an expression study based on gel electrophoresis","volume":"22","author":"Toniolo L","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"513.e515","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of the in vivo vocal fold medial surface shape","volume":"31","author":"Vahabzadeh\u2010Hagh AM","year":"2017","journal-title":"JVoice"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-201X.2004.01402.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24742"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"e67","article-title":"Posterior cricoarytenoid bellies: relationship between their function and histology","volume":"25","author":"Asanau A","year":"2011","journal-title":"JVoice"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"512","article-title":"The role of the pars recta and pars oblique of cricothyroid muscle in speech production","volume":"15","author":"Hong KH","year":"2001","journal-title":"JVoice"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Active and passive characteristics of the canine cricothyroid muscles","volume":"13","author":"Alipour F","year":"1999","journal-title":"JVoice"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4964509"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24209"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3310274"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26145"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sources of variation in phonetograms","volume":"7","author":"Coleman RF","year":"1993","journal-title":"JVoice"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Test\u2010retest reliability of the dual\u2010microphone voice range profile","volume":"32","author":"Printz T","year":"2018","journal-title":"JVoice"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20702"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2004000400034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"422","article-title":"Physiologic and acoustic patterns of essential vocal tremor","volume":"27","author":"Lester RA","year":"2013","journal-title":"JVoice"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00620.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(02)00033-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1988.49.12.2105","article-title":"Morphologic and morphometric studies of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles in clinically normal adult dogs","volume":"49","author":"Braund KG","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488909127510"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31815c1a93"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"A comparative histochemical study of intrinsic laryngeal muscles of ungulates and carnivores","volume":"23","author":"Mascarello F","year":"1979","journal-title":"Basic Appl Histochem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1982.00790580056018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(98)70380-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.126.7.857"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.126.7.865"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(95)00064-6"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flary.27353","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.27353","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T20:14:31Z","timestamp":1775247271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.27353"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.27353"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.27353","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-01-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-10-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}