{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T15:31:14Z","timestamp":1747150274404,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,27]],"date-time":"2018-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastrin\u2010releasing peptide (GRP) is a neuropeptide that targets transmembrane\u2010type receptors. Its role in allergic rhinitis (AR) has yet to be investigated. The present study utilized the nasal mucosa of AR model mice to examine GRP and GRP receptor (GRPR) expression levels, localization, and other factors to evaluate their role in AR pathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>In vivo study in an animal model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>GRP and GRPR expression levels were examined in three different AR models established in BALB\/c mice. In addition, a GRPR antagonist (RC\u20103095) was administered to AR mice to investigate its effect. The distribution of GRPR expression on mast cells in the nasal mucosa with AR was examined. Finally, we investigated the inhibitory effect of RC\u20103095 on allergy symptoms induced by histamine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>GRP and GRPR were highly expressed in the nasal mucosal epithelium and interstitial tissues surrounding the nasal glands in AR groups according to immunostaining. GRP and GRPR expression as determined by western blotting increased in the nasal mucosa as the degree of nasal sensitization increased. In addition, the average counts of sneezing and nasal rubbing after treatment in the AR\u2009+\u2009RC\u20103095 group were significantly lower than those in the AR\u2009+\u2009nasal saline group. Mast cells often colocalized with GRPR around nasal glands. Moreover, RC\u20103095 was effective in reducing sneezing induced by histamine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The GRP\u2010GRPR system is likely to be involved in allergic inflammation. This system may represent a novel therapeutic target for refractory AR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, E377\u2013E384, 2018<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,28]],"date-time":"2018-08-28T22:52:11Z","timestamp":1535496731000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Gastrin\u2010Releasing Peptide Is Involved in the Establishment of Allergic Rhinitis in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"Yuma","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Kyorin University School of Medicine  Tokyo 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