{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T09:10:55Z","timestamp":1766049055251,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]],"date-time":"2018-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate factors associated with hearing impairment (HI) in adolescent youths during the period 1966\u20132010.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional analyses of US sociodemographic, health, and audiometric data spanning 5 decades.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects were youths aged 12 to 17 years who participated in the National Health Examination Survey (NHES Cycle 3, 1966\u20131970; n\u2009=\u20096,768) and youths aged 12 to 19 years in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988\u20131994; n\u2009=\u20093,057) and NHANES (2005\u20132010; n\u2009=\u20094,374). HI prevalence was defined by pure\u2010tone average (PTA)\u2009\u2265\u200920 dB HL for speech frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz) and high frequencies (3, 4, and 6 kHz). Multivariable logistic models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall speech\u2010frequency HI prevalence was 10.6% (95% CI: 9.7%\u201011.6%) in NHES, 3.9% (95% CI: 2.8%\u20105.5%) in NHANES III, and 4.5% (95% CI: 3.7%\u20135.4%) in NHANES 2005 to 2010. The corresponding high\u2010frequency HI prevalences were 32.8% (95% CI: 30.8%\u201034.9%), 7.3% (95% CI: 5.9%\u20109.0%), and 7.9% (95% CI: 6.8%\u20109.2%). After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, overall high\u2010frequency HI was increased twofold for males and cigarette smoking. Other significant risk factors in NHANES 2005 to 2010 included very low birth weight, history of ear infections\/otitis media, ear tubes, fair\/poor general health, and firearms use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>HI declined considerably between 1966 to 1970 and 1988 to 1994, with no additional decline between 1988 to 1994 and 2005 to 2010. Otitis media history was a significant HI risk factor each period, whereas very low birth weight emerged as an important risk factor after survival chances improved. Reductions in smoking, job\u2010related noise, and firearms use may partially explain the reduction in high\u2010frequency HI. Loud music exposure may have increased, but does not account for HI differences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 129:1922\u20131939, 2019<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,6]],"date-time":"2018-10-06T09:17:06Z","timestamp":1538817426000},"page":"1922-1939","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Kids Nowadays Hear Better Than We Did: Declining Prevalence of Hearing Loss in <scp>US<\/scp> Youth, 1966\u20132010"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"129","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4105-0808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Howard J.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Statistics Program National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Dobie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katalin G.","family":"Losonczy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Statistics Program National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christa L.","family":"Themann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hearing Loss Prevention Team, Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cincinnati Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory A.","family":"Flamme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stephenson and Stephenson Research and Consulting, LLC\u2013West Forest Grove Oregon U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1968.00770010379010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1969.00770030547003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016487809121444"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15298668191419631"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2010\/09-0283)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020500057673"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e31817e7409"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","unstructured":"Occupational Safety and Health Administration.Final Rule. 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