{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T23:44:20Z","timestamp":1782776660181,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The major morbidity of unilateral vocal fold immobility (UVFI) in children is due to aspiration. Early injection laryngoplasty (IL) can decrease aspiration risk; however, this has not been well studied in pediatric otolaryngology. This study examines safety and efficacy of early IL in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective review of pediatric patients undergoing IL with any injectate between 2006 and 2017 within 6 months of onset of UVFI. Outcomes included diet pre\u2010 and postprocedure, incidence of aspiration\u2010related sequelae, and adverse events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventeen patients met eligibility criteria. Ten (58.8%) were males. Median age was 8 months (interquartile range, 2 months\u201311.5 years). All patients had prior surgeries; the largest subgroup (11 patients, 64.7%) had UVFI after repair of a congenital cardiac defect. Other causes included thyroidectomy, high vagal injury, and prolonged intubation.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Sixteen patients underwent swallowing evaluation prior to IL and 14 patients required dietary modifications due to aspiration risk. Consistency and\/or volume of oral intake improved after IL in 10 (71.4%) of them. Five patients underwent gastrostomy tube placement for significant oromotor incoordination. Children with congenital cardiac defects had more previous surgeries (3.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4 vs. 1.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.006) and were more likely to require G\u2010tube placement due to poor feeding despite IL (45% vs. 0%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.05). No patients experienced adverse events due to IL; in particular, none experienced airway symptoms requiring intubation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early IL in pediatric patients with UVFI is safe and can reduce aspiration and improve oral intake. Future studies should elucidate patient subgroups most likely to benefit from this intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>4<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 129:1699\u20131705, 2019<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T06:58:19Z","timestamp":1540364299000},"page":"1699-1705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Safety and efficacy of Early injection laryngoplasty in pediatric patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Caitlin","family":"Bertelsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Caruso Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery  Los Angeles California 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