{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T02:13:41Z","timestamp":1783476821077,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,12]],"date-time":"2018-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bio and Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation, funded by the Ministry of Science, Information Communications Technology, and Future Planning","award":["2016M3A9E8942068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016M3A9E8942068"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The transcricothyroid (CT) membrane approach is a good option for office\u2010based vocal fold injection (VFI). However, because the needle tip is invisible during injection using the CT approach, precise localization requires a high level of experience, and mastering this approach involves a steep learning curve. To overcome current limitations, we conceptualized a novel technique: real\u2010time light\u2010guided VFI (RL\u2010VFI), which enables simultaneous VFI under direct visualization of the lighted needle tip. Herein, we aimed to verify the feasibility of RL\u2010VFI in cadaveric canine model, simulating the setting of office\u2010based VFI, as well as to explore its clinical usefulness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Animal study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A customized prototype device was developed. It consisted of three parts: light source, controller, and injector. Light source comprised laser diodes of two wavelengths (635 nanometers [nm], red; 532 nm, green). Four types of injector were developed using 40\u2010mm needles of 23\u2010 and 25\u2010gauge and optic fibers of 50 and 100 \u03bcm. ex vivo canine larynx was prepared for the experiment. Flexible laryngoscopy system was used to examine canine vocal folds.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Various routes from three insertion points (3 mm, 10 mm, and 17 mm from the midline) were validated using the device. Regardless of the injection routes, the location of the needle tip was accurately indicated by light. RL\u2010VFI was feasible under light guidance without difficulties. Moreover, precise and simultaneous re\u2010injection could be performed at the intended point using the device.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We introduced RL\u2010VFI using our customized prototype device in an ex vivo canine larynx, simulating the setting of office\u2010based VFI. Clinical application of RL\u2010VFI will improve safety and precision of CT approach, as well as expand its applications in laryngology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 129:935\u2013942, 2019<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]],"date-time":"2018-12-13T05:47:06Z","timestamp":1544680026000},"page":"935-942","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Real\u2010Time Light\u2010Guided Vocal Fold Injection: Ex Vivo Feasibility Study in a Canine Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Wonjae","family":"Cha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery and Biomedical Research Institute  Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery  Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Hoon","family":"Ro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Pusan National University School of Medicine  Busan  Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun Choel","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Device Development Center OSONG Medical Innovation Foundation  Cheongju Chungbuk  Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang Jun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Device Development Center OSONG Medical Innovation Foundation  Cheongju Chungbuk  Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inchul","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute Solmedix Co., Ltd  Seoul Republic of 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