{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T15:32:59Z","timestamp":1790263979819,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,17]],"date-time":"2018-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to investigate if vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other angiogenic and inflammatory factors correlated with the clinical presentation in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) patients, particularly in regard to the severity of epistaxis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective, comparative, single\u2010center study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred nine samples were collected from 75 HHT patients attending the ear, nose, and throat department at Oslo University Hospital from February 2012 to August 2013. For comparison, samples were collected from 16 healthy controls. Angiogenic and inflammatory factors related to endothelial cell activation were analyzed by enzyme immunoassays. The grade of epistaxis was evaluated using the Epistaxis Severity Score and epistaxis Intensity, Frequency, and Need for Blood Transfusion score at the day of blood sampling. The presence of internal organ manifestations in the HHT group was recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) was the only factor that was significantly higher in the HHT patients than the controls and showed significant correlation to the epistaxis severity grade and the hemoglobin level. The VEGF level was higher in the HHT patients compared to controls but not to a significant degree. In addition, a significant correlation of the level of VEGF and the grade of epistaxis could not be observed. Also, no significant correlations were observed between the presence of internal organ manifestations and the level of angiogenic factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>PTX3, at least partly reflecting vascular inflammation, can be a potential biomarker for the severity of HHT associated epistaxis. The serum level of VEGF was not correlated with the severity of epistaxis in the HHT patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>2 <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 129:E44\u2013E49, 2019<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,17]],"date-time":"2018-10-17T16:45:00Z","timestamp":1539794700000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Pentraxin 3 level is elevated in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and reflects the severity of disease\u2010associated epistaxis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Johan","family":"Steineger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Head and Neck and Reconstructive Surgery Oslo University Hospital  Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thor","family":"Ueland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Internal Medicine Oslo University Hospital  Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases Oslo University Hospital  Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center University of Troms\u00f8  Troms\u00f8 Norway."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e5l","family":"Aukrust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Internal Medicine Oslo University Hospital  Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases Oslo University Hospital  Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"K. G. 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